{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401211135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003","title":"A 60-Frames/s CMOS Image Sensor With Pixelwise Conversion Gain Modulation and Self-Triggered ADCs for Per-Frame Adaptive DCG-HDR Imaging","display_name":"A 60-Frames/s CMOS Image Sensor With Pixelwise Conversion Gain Modulation and Self-Triggered ADCs for Per-Frame Adaptive DCG-HDR Imaging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401211135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031860051","display_name":"Yi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-6040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2635-6040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049231448","display_name":"Shahriar Mirabbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-1633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahriar Mirabbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Component Development (DCD), vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-1633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Component Development (DCD), vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80315474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"568","last_page":"578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6230695843696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5853525400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5391505360603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5336022973060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.522354006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5152804851531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4820995628833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4256826639175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.42213982343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33190661668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2055535614490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19037878513336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16239258646965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.05826866626739502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6230695843696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5853525400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5391505360603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5336022973060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.522354006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5152804851531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4820995628833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4256826639175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.42213982343673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33190661668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2055535614490509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19037878513336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16239258646965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.05826866626739502}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3433003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102584639","https://openalex.org/W2592126502","https://openalex.org/W2765285631","https://openalex.org/W2802351393","https://openalex.org/W2974038997","https://openalex.org/W2999728926","https://openalex.org/W3133854994","https://openalex.org/W4210888109","https://openalex.org/W4214841991","https://openalex.org/W4221068370","https://openalex.org/W4226173292","https://openalex.org/W4285674669","https://openalex.org/W4286571870","https://openalex.org/W4312267427","https://openalex.org/W4317793528","https://openalex.org/W4376629932","https://openalex.org/W4379116748","https://openalex.org/W4385080097","https://openalex.org/W4385190076","https://openalex.org/W6748542590","https://openalex.org/W6775730632","https://openalex.org/W6810452424","https://openalex.org/W6810911034","https://openalex.org/W6851072924","https://openalex.org/W6902362937","https://openalex.org/W6977533831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022123780","https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W4255753471","https://openalex.org/W2977517636","https://openalex.org/W2334823507","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W2565551736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CMOS":[0],"image":[1,43,115],"sensors":[2],"(CISs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"evolving":[6],"rapidly":[7],"in":[8,123],"recent":[9],"years,":[10],"offering":[11],"unprecedented":[12],"imaging":[13,35,73,162],"capabilities.":[14],"For":[15,48],"high-end":[16],"mobile":[17,180],"CIS":[18,77,120,164,181],"products,":[19],"high":[20,42],"dynamic":[21,132],"range":[22,133],"(HDR)":[23],"features":[24],"are":[25],"favorably":[26],"desired.":[27],"Among":[28],"various":[29],"HDR":[30,34,50,173],"techniques,":[31],"dual-conversion-gain":[32],"(DCG)-based":[33],"offers":[36],"several":[37],"advantages":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,92,95,102,151],"its":[41,103],"quality":[44],"and":[45,61,86,113,134,169],"single-frame":[46,171],"basis.":[47],"DCG-based":[49],"applications,":[51],"however,":[52],"current":[53],"state-of-the-art":[54],"CISs":[55],"suffer":[56],"from":[57],"frame":[58,112],"rate":[59],"reduction":[60],"higher":[62],"power":[63,136,165],"consumption.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"article,":[67],"we":[68],"present":[69],"an":[70],"adaptive":[71,124,160],"DCG-HDR":[72,125,152,161],"based":[74],"on":[75],"a":[76,108,117,128,135],"design":[78],"with":[79],"per-frame":[80],"pixelwise":[81,172],"conversion":[82],"gain":[83],"(CG)":[84],"modulation":[85],"self-triggered":[87],"analog-to-digital":[88],"converters":[89],"(ADCs).":[90],"According":[91],"the":[93,158],"scene":[94],"be":[96],"captured,":[97],"each":[98],"pixel":[99],"adaptively":[100],"adjusts":[101],"unique":[104],"CG":[105],"mode.":[106],"With":[107],"single":[109],"readout":[110],"per":[111],"without":[114],"fusion,":[116],"proof-of-concept":[118],"prototype":[119],"that":[121],"operates":[122],"mode":[126],"achieves":[127],"90.5":[129],"dB":[130],"of":[131,138,141],"figure":[137],"merit":[139],"(FoM)":[140],"9.9":[142],"nJ/frame<inline-formula":[143],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[144],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[145],"<tex-math":[146],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\cdot":[147],"$":[148],"</tex-math></inline-formula>pixel.":[149],"Compared":[150],"imaging,":[153,174],"operating":[154],"at":[155],"60":[156],"frames/s,":[157],"presented":[159],"reduces":[163],"consumption":[166],"by":[167],"38%":[168],"enables":[170],"which":[175],"is":[176],"suitable":[177],"for":[178],"future":[179],"products.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}