{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401109788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319","title":"PAICORE: A 1.9-Million-Neuron 5.181-TSOPS/W Digital Neuromorphic Processor With Unified SNN-ANN and On-Chip Learning Paradigm","display_name":"PAICORE: A 1.9-Million-Neuron 5.181-TSOPS/W Digital Neuromorphic Processor With Unified SNN-ANN and On-Chip Learning Paradigm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401109788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758352","display_name":"Yi Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090667596","display_name":"Yisong Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisong Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858722","display_name":"Kefei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4722-9438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056965591","display_name":"Zilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0281-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101759507","display_name":"Shuo Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102149867","display_name":"Guang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3527-0122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102875604","display_name":"Youming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0593-4842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025127147","display_name":"Xiuping Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuping Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015769383","display_name":"Q.J. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiankun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013478040","display_name":"Jian Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1023-5244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103794671","display_name":"Song Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604860","display_name":"Yun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-7998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850376","display_name":"Guangyu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-0820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048410928","display_name":"Xiaoxin Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxin Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021309993","display_name":"Ru Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002438548","display_name":"Yuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-4286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPW Center, School of Integrated Circuits, Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Peking University, and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100758352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96439666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"651","last_page":"671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8968523740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5441424250602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5215580463409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4753957688808441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4489971697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.35045915842056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3298753798007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13579046726226807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8968523740768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5441424250602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5215580463409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4753957688808441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4489971697330475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.35045915842056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3298753798007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13579046726226807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3426319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491802337","https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1975398991","https://openalex.org/W1995839907","https://openalex.org/W2018256572","https://openalex.org/W2069552454","https://openalex.org/W2093618981","https://openalex.org/W2098241945","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2131763976","https://openalex.org/W2159217888","https://openalex.org/W2159951683","https://openalex.org/W2165639766","https://openalex.org/W2316898842","https://openalex.org/W2498388592","https://openalex.org/W2571808120","https://openalex.org/W2573516284","https://openalex.org/W2744357319","https://openalex.org/W2745933219","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2756945303","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2798690537","https://openalex.org/W2810068957","https://openalex.org/W2889330421","https://openalex.org/W2889373941","https://openalex.org/W2906048113","https://openalex.org/W2907149254","https://openalex.org/W2938616020","https://openalex.org/W2962804204","https://openalex.org/W2964810732","https://openalex.org/W2966081953","https://openalex.org/W2972234767","https://openalex.org/W2974328520","https://openalex.org/W2978865499","https://openalex.org/W2979879900","https://openalex.org/W2980812807","https://openalex.org/W2990793844","https://openalex.org/W3006426821","https://openalex.org/W3006966652","https://openalex.org/W3014778070","https://openalex.org/W3016048022","https://openalex.org/W3021951958","https://openalex.org/W3044192339","https://openalex.org/W3046594479","https://openalex.org/W3115612761","https://openalex.org/W3127180651","https://openalex.org/W3127251144","https://openalex.org/W3135811097","https://openalex.org/W3159734256","https://openalex.org/W3161867321","https://openalex.org/W3162020142","https://openalex.org/W3186056124","https://openalex.org/W3199024492","https://openalex.org/W4200281948","https://openalex.org/W4206609022","https://openalex.org/W4210357113","https://openalex.org/W4220741568","https://openalex.org/W4280607449","https://openalex.org/W4283266347","https://openalex.org/W4295832479","https://openalex.org/W4300941481","https://openalex.org/W4320005519","https://openalex.org/W4321073115","https://openalex.org/W4360605360","https://openalex.org/W4360605965","https://openalex.org/W4360606223","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6733793881","https://openalex.org/W6739201545","https://openalex.org/W6766913159","https://openalex.org/W6769667691","https://openalex.org/W6781516062","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6802174140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W3136467750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116],"neuromorphic":[1,59],"approach":[2],"of":[3,40,150,163],"fulfilling":[4],"brain-like":[5],"edge":[6],"intelligence":[7],"is":[8,69,88],"confronted":[9],"with":[10,61,97,158,201],"three":[11],"paramount":[12],"challenges:":[13],"1)":[14],"ever-increasing":[15],"application":[16],"demands":[17,204],"versus":[18,28,38],"insufficient":[19],"on-chip":[20,41,132,175],"resources;":[21],"2)":[22],"diverse":[23],"data":[24],"sources":[25],"and":[26,32,65,79,108,131,155,168,174,192],"models":[27,137],"heterogeneous":[29],"computing":[30,64],"paradigms;":[31],"3)":[33],"adaptation":[34],"to":[35],"real":[36],"scenarios":[37],"absence":[39],"learning.":[42],"To":[43],"bridge":[44],"those":[45],"gaps":[46],"in":[47,90,195,199],"the":[48,121,147,159,181],"current":[49],"research":[50],"community,":[51],"this":[52],"article":[53],"presents":[54],"PAICORE,":[55],"a":[56,62,70,84,98,139,196],"537.98-mm2":[57],"digital":[58],"processor":[60],"unified":[63,140],"learning":[66,136,176],"paradigm.":[67],"PAICORE":[68,87,145,185],"scalable":[71],"1024-core":[72],"design,":[73],"integrating":[74],"over":[75],"1.919":[76],"million":[77],"neurons":[78],"4.773":[80],"billion":[81],"synapses":[82],"on":[83],"single":[85],"chip.":[86],"implemented":[89],"globally":[91],"asynchronous":[92],"locally":[93],"synchronous":[94],"(GALS)":[95],"style":[96],"five-level":[99],"fat":[100],"up-down":[101],"quadtree":[102],"as":[103,113],"dedicated":[104],"network-on-chip":[105],"(NoC)":[106],"infrastructure":[107],"tiled":[109],"2-D":[110],"chip":[111],"array":[112],"inter-chip":[114],"architecture.":[115],"distributed":[117],"processing":[118],"cores":[119],"fuse":[120],"hybrid":[122],"spiking":[123],"neural":[124,128],"network":[125,129],"(SNN),":[126],"artificial":[127],"(ANN),":[130],"spike-timing-dependent":[133],"plasticity":[134],"(STDP)":[135],"into":[138],"description":[141],"by":[142],"modular-level":[143],"reconfiguration.":[144],"achieves":[146],"peak":[148],"performance":[149],"20.74":[151],"TSOPS,":[152],"41.49":[153],"TOPS,":[154],"115.25":[156],"GSOPS,":[157],"best":[160],"energy":[161],"efficiency":[162],"5.181":[164],"TSOPS/W,":[165],"10.372":[166],"TOPS/W,":[167],"1.222":[169],"TSOPS/W":[170],"for":[171,205],"SNN,":[172],"ANN,":[173],"paradigms,":[177],"respectively.":[178],"Benefiting":[179],"from":[180],"PAIFLOW":[182],"software":[183],"framework,":[184],"hardware":[186],"platform":[187],"can":[188],"be":[189],"equivalently":[190],"simulated":[191],"efficiently":[193],"programmed":[194],"large-scale":[197],"deployment,":[198],"accordance":[200],"specific":[202],"optimizing":[203],"its":[206],"target":[207],"multi-paradigm":[208],"tasks.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
