{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396605514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000","title":"A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5- \u03bc s Start-Up Time Under 10<sup>4</sup>-ppm- \u0394 F Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction","display_name":"A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5- \u03bc s Start-Up Time Under 10<sup>4</sup>-ppm- \u0394 F Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396605514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398248","display_name":"Zixuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-3462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-3462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101710017","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4913-6715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4913-6715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023988341","display_name":"Ka\u2010Meng Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-971X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Meng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-971X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407182","display_name":"Wenjing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6931-900X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022607094","display_name":"Yunjin Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjin Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108575617","display_name":"Tailong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39774598","display_name":"Hefei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5rdf64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tailong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-5412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39774598"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062180403","display_name":"Zhikuang Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikuang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0264-3849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750282","display_name":"Yufeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-986X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-986X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48810327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"11","first_page":"3780","last_page":"3790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5753186941146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5295069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","score":0.5215351581573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-oscillator","display_name":"Crystal oscillator","score":0.4981958866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta","display_name":"Delta","score":0.4265406131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.396030992269516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.3520549535751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26114392280578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12198707461357117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5753186941146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5295069217681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5215351581573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172137495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877055","display_name":"Crystal oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4981958866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49506","display_name":"Delta","level":2,"score":0.4265406131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.396030992269516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3520549535751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26114392280578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12198707461357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3394000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1577085405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5293076250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61974073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6282434555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2022-00034-IME","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8750436974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970701130","https://openalex.org/W1986963688","https://openalex.org/W2070166512","https://openalex.org/W2133427075","https://openalex.org/W2278770857","https://openalex.org/W2291700046","https://openalex.org/W2464522166","https://openalex.org/W2538055565","https://openalex.org/W2548357881","https://openalex.org/W2594329240","https://openalex.org/W2768611056","https://openalex.org/W2855435326","https://openalex.org/W2921927364","https://openalex.org/W2953452135","https://openalex.org/W2971149285","https://openalex.org/W2972686022","https://openalex.org/W2985909635","https://openalex.org/W2988845158","https://openalex.org/W3009309599","https://openalex.org/W3017523152","https://openalex.org/W3108375909","https://openalex.org/W3131060867","https://openalex.org/W4205831309","https://openalex.org/W4220717521","https://openalex.org/W4220895080","https://openalex.org/W4360606348","https://openalex.org/W4360606717","https://openalex.org/W4386025584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027609287","https://openalex.org/W2110730455","https://openalex.org/W2535392226","https://openalex.org/W2073486863","https://openalex.org/W2037750760","https://openalex.org/W2099433441","https://openalex.org/W3130187921","https://openalex.org/W2065517914","https://openalex.org/W2101233088","https://openalex.org/W1995449523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ast":[0],"start-up":[1,48,74,105,115,129],"crystal":[2,88,123],"oscillators":[3],"(XOs)":[4],"based":[5,80],"on":[6,81],"energy":[7,19],"injection":[8,36,45],"with":[9,120],"an":[10,53],"auxiliary":[11],"oscillator":[12],"(AO)":[13],"are":[14,160],"efficacious":[15],"in":[16,107,156],"improving":[17],"the":[18,23,30,35,39,44,62,72,87,95,102,128,144,147,157],"consumption":[20,152],"of":[21,25,117,146],"duty-cycled":[22],"Internet":[24],"Things":[26],"(IoT)":[27],"devices.":[28],"Nonetheless,":[29],"frequency":[31,37,42],"mismatch":[32],"($\\Delta$F)":[33],"between":[34],"and":[38,47,70,93,124,153],"crystal\u2019s":[40],"resonance":[41],"restrains":[43],"efficiency":[46],"improvement.":[49],"This":[50],"work":[51],"presents":[52],"automatic":[54],"phase-error":[55],"correction":[56],"(APEC)":[57],"technique":[58],"for":[59,98],"automatically":[60],"correcting":[61],"phase":[63,154],"error":[64],"incurred":[65],"due":[66],"to$\\Delta$Fup":[67],"to":[68,141],"10$^{{4}}$ppm":[69],"safeguarding":[71],"XO":[73,106],"performance.":[75],"An":[76],"inflection":[77],"detector":[78],"(ID)":[79],"a":[82,108,114,121,125],"dynamic":[83],"comparator":[84],"(DCMP)":[85],"traces":[86],"resonant":[89],"signal\u2019s":[90],"peak":[91],"points":[92],"selects":[94],"appropriate":[96],"signals":[97],"injection.":[99],"We":[100],"fabricated":[101],"proposed":[103,148],"fast":[104],"40-nm":[109],"CMOS":[110],"process.":[111],"It":[112],"achieves":[113],"time":[116,130],"17.5$\\mu":[118],"$s":[119],"16-MHz":[122],"1.0-VV$_{\\text{DD}}$.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"only":[131],"varies":[132],"by$\\pm$1.42%":[133],"over":[134],"a$\\Delta$Fof$\\pm$10$^{{4}}$ppm,":[135],"and$\\pm$4.5%":[136],"amid":[137],"temperature":[138],"variations":[139],"($-$40$^{\\circ}$C":[140],"85$^{\\circ}$C),":[142],"evincing":[143],"robustness":[145],"technique.":[149],"The":[150],"power":[151],"noise":[155],"steady":[158],"state":[159],"84$\\mu$W":[161],"and$-$139":[162],"dBc/Hz":[163],"at":[164],"1-kHz":[165],"offset,":[166],"respectively.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
