{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395097203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965","title":"A 28-nm 1.3-mW Speech-to-Text Accelerator for Edge AI Devices","display_name":"A 28-nm 1.3-mW Speech-to-Text Accelerator for Edge AI Devices","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395097203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965"},"language":"it","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu-Hsuan Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9144-031X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hsuan Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9144-031X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105411292","display_name":"Yi\u2010Cheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0969-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148979","display_name":"MediaTek (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Cheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","MediaTek, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0969-631X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediaTek, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041041981","display_name":"Wen-Ching Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Ching Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041221935","display_name":"Liang-Yi Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang-Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022084541","display_name":"Nian-Shyang Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nian-Shyang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744093","display_name":"Chun\u2010Pin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-1113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Pin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055000437","display_name":"Shihao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-8003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107330","display_name":"Powertech Technology (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c7pa495","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107330"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digwise Technology Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digwise Technology Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080379943","display_name":"Chi\u2010Shi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Shi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750729","display_name":"Chia\u2010Hsiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-321X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Hsiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-321X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86195566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"11","first_page":"3816","last_page":"3826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9072999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9072999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5517784357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.526002049446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3715948164463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25071316957473755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5517784357070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.526002049446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3715948164463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25071316957473755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3389965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8536849094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2218-E-002-028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485823550","https://openalex.org/W1589993746","https://openalex.org/W1635512741","https://openalex.org/W2116285260","https://openalex.org/W2138889249","https://openalex.org/W2155370145","https://openalex.org/W2172097686","https://openalex.org/W2339460208","https://openalex.org/W2397424575","https://openalex.org/W2585720638","https://openalex.org/W2593197369","https://openalex.org/W2631415506","https://openalex.org/W2788838111","https://openalex.org/W2794209590","https://openalex.org/W2915106038","https://openalex.org/W2962820060","https://openalex.org/W2962851801","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964227577","https://openalex.org/W2964539095","https://openalex.org/W2998218113","https://openalex.org/W3027324516","https://openalex.org/W3104896896","https://openalex.org/W3135697241","https://openalex.org/W3144557079","https://openalex.org/W3160525311","https://openalex.org/W3176329333","https://openalex.org/W3197507772","https://openalex.org/W4226033575","https://openalex.org/W4233670287","https://openalex.org/W4312035942","https://openalex.org/W4383501650","https://openalex.org/W6631362777","https://openalex.org/W6748131973","https://openalex.org/W6780218876","https://openalex.org/W7046830979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech-to-text":[0],"conversion":[1,14],"has":[2],"been":[3],"extensively":[4],"deployed":[5],"for":[6,144],"a":[7,19,45,107,174,185,208,219,231,243],"variety":[8],"of":[9,34,75,113,179,188,199],"applications.":[10],"To":[11,123],"implement":[12],"speech-to-text":[13,47,171],"on":[15,181],"energy-constrained":[16],"edge":[17],"devices,":[18],"hybrid":[20],"algorithm":[21],"is":[22,41,69,147,155],"adopted":[23],"in":[24,192],"this":[25,216],"work.":[26],"A":[27,53,149],"bidirectional":[28],"recurrent":[29,38],"neural":[30],"network":[31,51,54,79,186],"(BRNN),":[32],"composed":[33],"the":[35,73,76,82,125,129,159,166,182,195,213],"light":[36],"gated":[37],"units":[39],"(LiGRUs),":[40],"included":[42],"to":[43,71,119,157,165,212],"achieve":[44,141],"high":[46],"accuracy":[48,109],"with":[49,105,136,184,242],"fewer":[50],"parameters.":[52],"compression":[55],"scheme,":[56],"including":[57],"scaling":[58],"factor":[59],"pruning":[60],"(SFP),":[61],"multi-bit":[62],"clustering":[63],"(MBC),":[64],"and":[65,81,95,230],"linear":[66],"quantization":[67],"(LQ),":[68],"proposed":[70,170],"minimize":[72,124],"complexity":[74,84],"BRNN.":[77],"The":[78,169],"size":[80,187],"computational":[83],"are":[85,117],"reduced":[86],"by":[87,162],"29.8":[88],"<inline-formula":[89,97,221,233],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[90,98,222,234],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[91,99,223,235],"<tex-math":[92,100,224,236],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times$</tex-math>":[93,101,225,237],"</inline-formula>":[94,102,226,238],"73.2":[96],",":[103],"respectively,":[104],"only":[106],"1%":[108],"drop.":[110],"An":[111],"array":[112],"processing":[114],"elements":[115],"(PEs)":[116],"designed":[118],"perform":[120],"BRNN":[121,145],"inference.":[122],"system":[126],"latency":[127],"under":[128],"silicon":[130],"area":[131],"constraint,":[132],"an":[133],"optimal":[134],"design":[135],"four":[137],"PEs":[138],"that":[139],"can":[140],"100%":[142],"utilization":[143],"inference":[146],"selected.":[148],"memory-efficient":[150],"decoding":[151],"scheme":[152],"without":[153],"backtracking":[154],"utilized":[156],"reduce":[158],"memory":[160],"usage":[161],"21%":[163],"compared":[164],"direct-mapped":[167],"implementation.":[168],"accelerator":[172],"achieves":[173,218],"phone":[175],"error":[176],"rate":[177],"(PER)":[178],"15.2%":[180],"TIMIT":[183],"1.51":[189],"MB.":[190],"Fabricated":[191],"28-nm":[193],"CMOS,":[194],"chip":[196],"consumes":[197],"energy":[198,229],"12.7":[200],"mJ/frame":[201],"when":[202],"operated":[203],"at":[204],"1.25":[205],"MHz":[206],"from":[207],"0.6-V":[209],"supply.":[210],"Compared":[211],"state-of-the-art":[214],"designs,":[215],"work":[217],"6.5\u2013177":[220],"lower":[227,239,245],"normalized":[228],"37.5\u201350":[232],"attainable":[240],"latency,":[241],"3.3%\u20138.5%":[244],"PER.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
