{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394828150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192","title":"FLEX-CIM: A Flexible Kernel Size 1-GHz 181.6-TOPS/W 25.63-TOPS/mm<sup>2</sup> Analog Compute-in-Memory Macro","display_name":"FLEX-CIM: A Flexible Kernel Size 1-GHz 181.6-TOPS/W 25.63-TOPS/mm<sup>2</sup> Analog Compute-in-Memory Macro","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394828150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008288952","display_name":"Y.H. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7187-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7187-578X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090222712","display_name":"Wei-Han Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Han Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-5227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038010873","display_name":"Ka-Fai Un","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Fai Un","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-4755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035229843","display_name":"Chi\u2010Hang Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-1101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Hang Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7635-1101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101890729","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-0641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-0641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102026681","display_name":"Minglei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minglei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Faculty of Science and Technology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, the Institute of Microelectronics, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95884316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"9","first_page":"3021","last_page":"3031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.9750820994377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flex","display_name":"FLEX","score":0.7841525077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.6105427742004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4180243909358978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.41056355834007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2256411612033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13137394189834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12194329500198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.05513894557952881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.9750820994377136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776252893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364836","display_name":"FLEX","level":2,"score":0.7841525077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.6105427742004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4180243909358978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.41056355834007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2256411612033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13137394189834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12194329500198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.05513894557952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154815118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453762","display_name":"Spinning","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2024.3386192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2662401458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0160/2022/A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4297046900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG2021-00015-IME","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7206592585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2020-00191-IME","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G809589119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKL-AMSV(UM)-2023- 2025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2565960208","https://openalex.org/W2794141774","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2899481200","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3015432327","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3110533210","https://openalex.org/W3120016950","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3184281067","https://openalex.org/W3201433806","https://openalex.org/W3208788005","https://openalex.org/W4220837341","https://openalex.org/W4280533641","https://openalex.org/W4286571722","https://openalex.org/W4312951380","https://openalex.org/W4360605725","https://openalex.org/W4360605756","https://openalex.org/W4360605785","https://openalex.org/W4360605972","https://openalex.org/W4372054923","https://openalex.org/W4385212698","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4250698707","https://openalex.org/W4244545186","https://openalex.org/W4247748223","https://openalex.org/W1008394927","https://openalex.org/W183173419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compute-in-memory":[0],"(CIM)":[1],"is":[2,130,142,150],"a":[3,18,99],"promising":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6,39,44],"realizing":[7],"energy-efficient":[8],"convolutional":[9],"neural":[10],"network":[11],"(CNN)":[12],"accelerators.":[13],"Previous":[14],"CIM":[15,101],"works":[16],"demonstrated":[17],"high":[19],"peak":[20,139,147],"energy":[21,50,125,140],"efficiency":[22,141],"of":[23,30,70],"over":[24],"100":[25],"TOPS/W,":[26,144],"with":[27],"larger":[28],"fabrics":[29],"1000$+$channels.":[31],"Yet,":[32],"they":[33],"typically":[34],"suffer":[35],"from":[36],"low":[37],"utilization":[38,60,129],"small":[40],"CNN":[41],"layers":[42],"(e.g.,$\\sim$9%":[43],"ResNet-32).":[45],"It":[46],"penalizes":[47],"their":[48,71],"average":[49],"efficiency,":[51],"throughput":[52,123,148],"density,":[53],"and":[54,115,124,145],"effective":[55],"memory":[56],"size":[57],"by":[58],"the":[59,64,77,113,122,138,146],"rate.":[61],"In":[62],"addition,":[63],"analog-to-digital":[65],"converter":[66],"(ADC)":[67],"occupies":[68],"most":[69],"computing":[72],"time":[73],"($\\sim$90%),":[74],"further":[75],"hindering":[76],"CIM\u2019s":[78],"throughput.":[79],"This":[80],"work":[81],"presents":[82],"an":[83,91,105,117],"FLEX-CIM":[84],"fabricated":[85],"under":[86],"28-nm":[87],"CMOS":[88],"featuring:":[89],"1)":[90],"analog":[92],"partial":[93],"sum":[94],"(APS)":[95],"circuit":[96],"to":[97,111,120],"enable":[98],"flexible":[100],"Kernel":[102],"size;":[103],"2)":[104],"overclocked":[106],"fast":[107],"multiply\u2013accumulate":[108],"array":[109],"(FMA)":[110],"boost":[112],"throughput;":[114],"3)":[116],"adaptive-resolution":[118],"ADC":[119],"enhance":[121],"efficiency.":[126],"The":[127],"achieved":[128],"99.2%":[131],"on":[132],"ResNet-32.":[133],"Under":[134],"4-bit":[135],"MAC":[136],"precision,":[137],"181.6":[143],"density":[149],"25.63":[151],"TOPS/mm$^{2}$.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2024-04-16T00:00:00"}