{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389161274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018","title":"A Broadband Four-Way Parallel\u2013Series Doherty Power Amplifier for 5G Communications","display_name":"A Broadband Four-Way Parallel\u2013Series Doherty Power Amplifier for 5G Communications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389161274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033930379","display_name":"Edward Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-1916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Z&#x00FC;rich), Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-1916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Z&#x00FC;rich), Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646268","display_name":"Hua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Z&#x00FC;rich), Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Z&#x00FC;rich), Z&#x00FC;rich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.94,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86545524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"1312","last_page":"1322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7040339708328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.547342836856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjacent-channel","display_name":"Adjacent channel","score":0.4936595857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series-and-parallel-circuits","display_name":"Series and parallel circuits","score":0.4830535054206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4655251204967499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.44442465901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.44080185890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41827404499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4180002808570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.39556005597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3916967511177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3719930648803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25250697135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21598082780838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1982918083667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.153338223695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11927032470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11025530099868774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7040339708328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.547342836856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776908912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16001834","display_name":"Adjacent channel","level":4,"score":0.4936595857143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95023266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55738334","display_name":"Series and parallel circuits","level":3,"score":0.4830535054206848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4655251204967499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.44442465901374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.44080185890197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41827404499053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4180002808570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39556005597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3916967511177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3719930648803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25250697135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21598082780838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1982918083667755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.153338223695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11927032470703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11025530099868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3336018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655052658","https://openalex.org/W2067689482","https://openalex.org/W2099547506","https://openalex.org/W2104183221","https://openalex.org/W2108812909","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2169249318","https://openalex.org/W2361089883","https://openalex.org/W2734696823","https://openalex.org/W2793551581","https://openalex.org/W2794244534","https://openalex.org/W2811492602","https://openalex.org/W2900358110","https://openalex.org/W2903723152","https://openalex.org/W2919177939","https://openalex.org/W2919725817","https://openalex.org/W2922322815","https://openalex.org/W2944672502","https://openalex.org/W2965082075","https://openalex.org/W2972130902","https://openalex.org/W2981843181","https://openalex.org/W2988844044","https://openalex.org/W3008827641","https://openalex.org/W3018889002","https://openalex.org/W3081687215","https://openalex.org/W3094161532","https://openalex.org/W3112654634","https://openalex.org/W3118298779","https://openalex.org/W3138047099","https://openalex.org/W3161624220","https://openalex.org/W3175060641","https://openalex.org/W3200730152","https://openalex.org/W3213073567","https://openalex.org/W3213482586","https://openalex.org/W3217527397","https://openalex.org/W4205926127","https://openalex.org/W4213083061","https://openalex.org/W4220771905","https://openalex.org/W4285120765","https://openalex.org/W4292969283","https://openalex.org/W4308087364","https://openalex.org/W4312831366","https://openalex.org/W4318624561","https://openalex.org/W4385192427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4328010791","https://openalex.org/W2060237159","https://openalex.org/W2002919407","https://openalex.org/W1969613900","https://openalex.org/W2132047629","https://openalex.org/W2037380707","https://openalex.org/W2050609909","https://openalex.org/W2053967112","https://openalex.org/W2129579980","https://openalex.org/W2095637105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,122,125,162,197,242],"four-way":[4],"hybrid":[5],"parallel\u2013series":[6],"Doherty":[7,68],"power":[8,18,113,217,253],"amplifier":[9],"(PA)":[10],"architecture":[11],"that":[12,152],"supports":[13],"broadband":[14],"operation":[15],"and":[16,70,147,184,218,254],"deep":[17,49,77],"back-off":[19],"(PBO)":[20],"efficiency":[21,79,118,178],"enhancement":[22,80,119],"for":[23,45,238,271],"next-generation":[24],"wireless":[25],"communication.":[26],"Most":[27],"existing":[28],"load":[29,63,99],"modulation":[30,100],"PAs":[31],"are":[32,156],"limited":[33],"in":[34,130],"bandwidth":[35,57],"due":[36],"to":[37,110,161],"the":[38,66,76,84,89,96,111,131,153,247],"large":[39],"impedance":[40],"transformation":[41],"ratios":[42],"(ITRs)":[43],"needed":[44],"load-pull":[46],"matching":[47],"at":[48,105,115,181,193,222,258],"PBO.":[50,150,195],"The":[51,93,137],"proposed":[52],"technique":[53],"achieves":[54,169,213,249],"wide":[55],"carrier":[56],"by":[58,83],"exploiting":[59],"different":[60,106],"frequency-dependent":[61],"active":[62],"modulations":[64],"of":[65,88,95,229,262],"parallel/series":[67],"combiners":[69],"PA":[71,91,98,127,138,212,248],"path":[72],"biasing":[73],"reconfiguration,":[74],"while":[75],"PBO":[78,107,154,183],"is":[81,102,128],"realized":[82],"optimum":[85],"turn-on":[86],"sequences":[87],"four":[90],"paths.":[92],"behavior":[94],"implemented":[97,129],"network":[101],"mathematically":[103],"described":[104],"levels":[108,114,155],"corresponding":[109],"output":[112,216,252],"which":[116],"each":[117],"occurs.":[120],"As":[121],"proof-of-concept":[123],"design,":[124],"26\u201340-GHz":[126],"GlobalFoundries":[132],"45-nm":[133],"CMOS":[134],"SOI":[135],"process.":[136],"measures":[139],"22.5\u201323.9-dBm":[140],"OP1dB,":[141],"26.2%\u201338.2%":[142],"PAEOP1dB,":[143],"18.1%\u201334.5%":[144],"PAE6dB":[145],"PBO,":[146],"10.7%\u201322.1%":[148],"PAE12dB":[149],"Note":[151],"referenced":[157],"from":[158],"OP1dB.":[159],"Compared":[160],"normalized":[163],"ideal":[164],"class-B":[165],"PA,":[166],"this":[167,211],"design":[168],"1.3\u20131.8":[170],"<inline-formula":[171,186,230,263],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[172,187,231,264],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[173,188,232,265],"<tex-math":[174,189,233,266],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times$</tex-math>":[175,190],"</inline-formula>":[176,191,235,268],"power-added":[177],"(PAE)":[179],"boost":[180,192],"6-dB":[182],"1.6\u20132.3":[185],"12-dB":[194],"With":[196,241],"100-MHz":[198],"fifth-generation":[199],"(5G)":[200],"new":[201],"radio":[202],"(NR)":[203],"frequency":[204],"range":[205],"2":[206],"(FR2)":[207],"1-CC":[208,243],"64-QAM":[209],"signal,":[210,246],"9.26\u201316.9-dBm":[214],"average":[215,220,251,256],"9.9%\u201325.5%":[219],"PAE":[221,257],"an":[223,259],"rms":[224,260],"error":[225],"vector":[226],"magnitude":[227],"(EVM)":[228],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-$</tex-math>":[234,267],"25":[236],"dB":[237,270],"26\u201340":[239,272],"GHz.":[240,273],"400-MHz":[244],"16-QAM":[245],"12.95\u201317.4-dBm":[250],"12.5%\u201327%":[255],"EVM":[261],"20":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}