{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387303373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822","title":"A 22-nm 32-Mb Embedded STT-MRAM Macro Achieving 5.9-ns Random Read Access and 7.4-MB/s Write Throughput at up to 150 \u00b0C","display_name":"A 22-nm 32-Mb Embedded STT-MRAM Macro Achieving 5.9-ns Random Read Access and 7.4-MB/s Write Throughput at up to 150 \u00b0C","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387303373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005796904","display_name":"Takahiro Shimoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3314-4432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Shimoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3314-4432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043987788","display_name":"Ken Matsubara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-033X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Matsubara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-033X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064845805","display_name":"Tomoya Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-4872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoya Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103471056","display_name":"Tomoya Ogawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoya Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079433991","display_name":"Yasuhiko Taito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-4853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiko Taito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-4853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090931576","display_name":"Yoshinobu Kaneda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-2023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshinobu Kaneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-2023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032766918","display_name":"Masayuki Izuna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Izuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000123568","display_name":"Koichi Takeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-4101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koichi Takeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089037165","display_name":"Hidenori Mitani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidenori Mitani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103147726","display_name":"Takashi ITO","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4257-4023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4257-4023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006333109","display_name":"Takashi Kono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3560-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Kono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3560-1924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7090474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"1283","last_page":"1292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.9359900951385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.6154614686965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sense-amplifier","display_name":"Sense amplifier","score":0.5951752662658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5577321648597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5457018613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5452925562858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5091995596885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.49675899744033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3589787185192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.2730045020580292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2589682340621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.130003422498703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.12089630961418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11308622360229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11114370822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09857174754142761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9359900951385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.6154614686965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32666082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7450979","display_name":"Sense amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5951752662658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5577321648597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5457018613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5452925562858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5091995596885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.49675899744033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3589787185192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.2730045020580292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2589682340621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.130003422498703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.12089630961418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11308622360229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11114370822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09857174754142761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3314822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582320800","https://openalex.org/W2056511998","https://openalex.org/W2091773052","https://openalex.org/W2793776854","https://openalex.org/W2800126119","https://openalex.org/W2922523256","https://openalex.org/W2981719964","https://openalex.org/W3016147292","https://openalex.org/W3048858245","https://openalex.org/W3138228727","https://openalex.org/W4226159836","https://openalex.org/W4360605906","https://openalex.org/W6758339221","https://openalex.org/W6800512637","https://openalex.org/W6811148076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790139797","https://openalex.org/W3146164987","https://openalex.org/W2086829516","https://openalex.org/W2077498413","https://openalex.org/W2949498821","https://openalex.org/W2375427054","https://openalex.org/W2544913214","https://openalex.org/W1979534490","https://openalex.org/W1587041331","https://openalex.org/W1568633384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,13,22,72,105],"high-precision":[4],"sense":[5,37,106],"amplifier":[6,38,107],"technique,":[7],"fast":[9,73],"write":[10,69,79,87,91],"scheme,":[11],"and":[12,55,78,89,120],"one-time-programmable":[14],"(OTP)":[15],"memory":[16,117],"cell":[17,122],"read":[18,44,123],"technique":[19,103],"applied":[20],"to":[21,108],"22-nm":[23],"32-Mb":[24],"embedded":[25,113],"STT-MRAM":[26],"(eMRAM)":[27],"macro":[28],"for":[29],"high-end":[30],"microcontroller":[31],"units":[32],"(MCUs).":[33],"A":[34,65,94],"boosted":[35],"cross-coupled":[36],"(BCC-SA)":[39],"achieves":[40],"5.1-and":[41],"5.9-ns":[42],"random":[43,115],"access":[45,116],"at":[46],"125":[47],"<inline-formula":[48,57],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[49,58],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[50,59],"<tex-math":[51,60],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{\\circ}$</tex-math>":[52,61],"</inline-formula>":[53,62],"C":[54],"150":[56],"C,":[63],"respectively.":[64],"variable":[66,100],"parallel":[67],"bit":[68],"(VPBW)":[70],"with":[71,99,111],"voltage":[74,80],"setup":[75],"(VPBW-FVS)":[76],"scheme":[77],"always":[81],"on":[82],"(WVAO)":[83],"mode":[84],"enable":[85],"7.4-MB/s":[86],"throughput":[88],"73%":[90],"energy":[92],"reduction.":[93],"stabilization":[95],"of":[96],"operating":[97],"conditions":[98],"current":[101],"(SOC-VC)":[102],"allows":[104],"be":[109],"shared":[110],"both":[112],"magnetoresistive":[114],"(MRAM)-based":[118],"OTP":[119],"MRAM":[121],"modes.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
