{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386412408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095","title":"A 144-Element Beam-Steerable Source Array With 9.1-dBm Radiated Power and 30.8-dBm Lensless EIPR at 675 GHz","display_name":"A 144-Element Beam-Steerable Source Array With 9.1-dBm Radiated Power and 30.8-dBm Lensless EIPR at 675 GHz","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386412408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057500194","display_name":"Liang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and the Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1241-0907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and the Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042819722","display_name":"Chi Hou Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-0831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Hou Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and the Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-0831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves and the Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7559177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"375","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.445158988237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.42630618810653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbm","display_name":"dBm","score":0.4212193191051483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3807412087917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3776175379753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30467772483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2041831612586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.20026779174804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.18536022305488586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.445158988237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.42630618810653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94105702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777017","display_name":"dBm","level":4,"score":0.4212193191051483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3807412087917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3776175379753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30467772483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2041831612586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.20026779174804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.18536022305488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3308095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7629014057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T42-103/16-N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586793507","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W1985964745","https://openalex.org/W2010594861","https://openalex.org/W2058989756","https://openalex.org/W2118708476","https://openalex.org/W2128446515","https://openalex.org/W2155329325","https://openalex.org/W2177041154","https://openalex.org/W2518690461","https://openalex.org/W2533667323","https://openalex.org/W2560148883","https://openalex.org/W2605551706","https://openalex.org/W2625708510","https://openalex.org/W2765885674","https://openalex.org/W2766666440","https://openalex.org/W2795627165","https://openalex.org/W2805428899","https://openalex.org/W2892966579","https://openalex.org/W2900196962","https://openalex.org/W2904145608","https://openalex.org/W2905783765","https://openalex.org/W2963482420","https://openalex.org/W2980769293","https://openalex.org/W3015426490","https://openalex.org/W3015662525","https://openalex.org/W3022290858","https://openalex.org/W3033770292","https://openalex.org/W3033865229","https://openalex.org/W3080971705","https://openalex.org/W3086769319","https://openalex.org/W3133949595","https://openalex.org/W3135656575","https://openalex.org/W3170869569","https://openalex.org/W3176263329","https://openalex.org/W3183317297","https://openalex.org/W3201994697","https://openalex.org/W4205598250","https://openalex.org/W4221038475","https://openalex.org/W4221115129","https://openalex.org/W4230621638","https://openalex.org/W4285238980","https://openalex.org/W4285278781","https://openalex.org/W4285283441","https://openalex.org/W4285298984","https://openalex.org/W4323530305","https://openalex.org/W4360606332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3044591057","https://openalex.org/W2174353780","https://openalex.org/W2467369358","https://openalex.org/W1977804317","https://openalex.org/W3172238151","https://openalex.org/W2182198657","https://openalex.org/W1979776121","https://openalex.org/W2408870124","https://openalex.org/W2062277989","https://openalex.org/W2039749728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,74,143],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,37,56,148,153],"large-scale":[4],"coherent":[5,32],"terahertz":[6],"(THz)":[7],"source":[8,137],"array":[9,24],"with":[10],"144":[11],"coupled":[12],"oscillator":[13,60],"elements.":[14],"A":[15],"novel":[16],"2-D":[17],"scalable":[18],"coupling":[19],"topology":[20],"suitable":[21],"for":[22,48,67],"large":[23],"formation":[25],"is":[26,76,115,165,182,189],"proposed":[27,66],"to":[28,87,119,169],"enable":[29],"the":[30,45,68,84,93,96,122,132,175,186],"desired":[31],"oscillation":[33],"mode,":[34],"in":[35,121,147],"which":[36],"differential":[38],"patch":[39],"antenna":[40],"can":[41,99],"be":[42],"incorporated,":[43],"radiating":[44],"third":[46,69],"harmonic":[47,59,70],"high":[49],"output":[50,163],"frequency":[51,140,164],"beyond":[52],"600":[53],"GHz":[54],"without":[55],"lens.":[57],"High-efficiency":[58],"design":[61,75],"and":[62,72,103,138,185],"optimization":[63],"method":[64],"are":[65],"generation":[71],"extraction.":[73],"also":[77],"capable":[78],"of":[79],"beam":[80,114],"steering":[81],"by":[82],"changing":[83],"bias":[85],"voltage":[86],"establish":[88],"different":[89],"phase":[90,177],"gradients":[91],"across":[92],"array.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"fabricated":[97,146],"chip":[98,144],"radiate":[100],"9.1-dBm":[101],"power":[102,108,134],"30.8-dBm":[104],"lensless":[105],"effective":[106],"isotropic-radiated":[107],"(EIRP)":[109],"at":[110,179],"675":[111,173],"GHz.":[112,171],"The":[113,162],"steerable":[116],"from":[117,167],"\u221245\u00b0":[118],"45\u00b0":[120],"<inline-formula":[123,154],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[124,155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[125,156],"<tex-math":[126,157],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$H$":[127],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[128,159],"-plane,":[129],"making":[130],"it":[131],"highest":[133,139],"silicon-based":[135],"THz":[136],"beam-steerable":[141],"chip.":[142],"was":[145],"65-nm":[149],"CMOS":[150],"process,":[151],"occupying":[152],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times1.7$":[158],"mm":[160],"area.":[161],"tunable":[166],"643":[168],"689":[170],"At":[172],"GHz,":[174],"measured":[176],"noise":[178],"1-MHz":[180],"offset":[181],"\u221290.9":[183],"dBc/Hz,":[184],"dc-to-THz":[187],"efficiency":[188],"0.245%.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
