{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383113567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","title":"A 0.4-4 THz p-i-n Diode Frequency Multiplier in 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS","display_name":"A 0.4-4 THz p-i-n Diode Frequency Multiplier in 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383113567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10172173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10172173.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022409526","display_name":"Sidharth Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-1841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sidharth Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8991-1841","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052433377","display_name":"Sam Razavian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-2216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Razavian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-2216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037696066","display_name":"Wei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092398899","display_name":"Benyamin Fallahi Motlagh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-059X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benyamin Fallahi Motlagh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8789-059X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004052719","display_name":"Anthony D. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony D. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-2969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010279888","display_name":"Yu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-1091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017136249","display_name":"Benjamin S. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin S. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023297510","display_name":"Aydin Babakhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aydin Babakhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-9061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022409526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7886,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85039165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"2407","last_page":"2420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.5916073322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.5615404844284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5536537766456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5414462685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.5020878314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.48991459608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.46674567461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4331720471382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32657337188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22141975164413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.20621323585510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.19237735867500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1364126205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12050393223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08440014719963074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.5916073322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.5615404844284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5536537766456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5414462685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.5020878314971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48991459608078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.46674567461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4331720471382141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32657337188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22141975164413452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.20621323585510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.19237735867500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1364126205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12050393223762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08440014719963074}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10172173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt6501x19s","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6501x19s","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt6501x19s/qt6501x19s.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol 58, iss 9","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10172173.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383113567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383113567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499897440","https://openalex.org/W1972432506","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W1975920112","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2015716501","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2023909732","https://openalex.org/W2026869690","https://openalex.org/W2082922948","https://openalex.org/W2113556514","https://openalex.org/W2118042958","https://openalex.org/W2119643061","https://openalex.org/W2151579506","https://openalex.org/W2166405300","https://openalex.org/W2253900380","https://openalex.org/W2292426986","https://openalex.org/W2315680531","https://openalex.org/W2556056959","https://openalex.org/W2575704569","https://openalex.org/W2784135383","https://openalex.org/W2885320886","https://openalex.org/W2888868837","https://openalex.org/W2896308942","https://openalex.org/W2903136240","https://openalex.org/W2903983414","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2971726110","https://openalex.org/W3118559094","https://openalex.org/W3196575122","https://openalex.org/W4200599926","https://openalex.org/W4230621638","https://openalex.org/W4285218698","https://openalex.org/W6696664125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2105973023","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W2528849312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,59,243],"article":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,27,33,50,56,66,202,250],"silicon-based":[4],"source":[5,252],"that":[6,31],"can":[7],"radiate":[8,85],"power":[9,137,151],"from":[10,217],"the":[11,15,20,47,86,95,117,130,189,212,218,222,246],"lower":[12],"end":[13],"of":[14,26,53,94,139,171,214,228,249,254],"terahertz":[16],"(THz)":[17],"spectrum":[18],"into":[19,221],"far-infrared":[21,223,259],"region.":[22],"The":[23,37,90,155],"radiator":[24],"consists":[25],"millimeter-wave":[28],"(mm-wave)":[29],"oscillator":[30],"drives":[32],"PIN":[34],"diode":[35,48],"multiplier.":[36],"p-i-n":[38],"diodes":[39],"exhibit":[40],"reverse":[41],"recovery":[42],"when":[43],"driven":[44],"strongly,":[45],"and":[46,64,100,142,168,232,239],"switches":[49],"large":[51],"amount":[52],"current":[54],"in":[55,110,113,124],"short":[57],"interval.":[58],"process":[60],"is":[61,70,82,107,157,180,199,245],"highly":[62],"non-linear":[63],"generates":[65],"harmonic-rich":[67],"waveform,":[68],"which":[69],"utilized":[71],"here":[72],"for":[73],"higher":[74,193],"harmonic":[75,91,104],"generation.":[76],"An":[77],"on-chip":[78],"folded":[79,96],"dipole":[80,97],"antenna":[81],"used":[83,200],"to":[84,115,119,160,187],"generated":[87],"THz":[88,162,219],"signal.":[89],"radiation":[92],"properties":[93],"are":[98],"analyzed":[99],"presented":[101],"here.":[102],"Wireless":[103],"injection":[105],"locking":[106],"also":[108],"demonstrated":[109],"this":[111],"work":[112,244],"order":[114,186],"synchronize":[116],"chip":[118,131,156],"an":[120,133,169,226],"external":[121],"source.":[122],"Designed":[123],"GlobalFoundries":[125],"90-nm":[126],"SiGe":[127],"BiCMOS":[128],"process,":[129],"has":[132],"effective":[134],"isotropic":[135],"radiated":[136,150,190],"(EIRP)":[138],"13":[140],"dBm":[141,179],"<inline-formula":[143,172],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[144,173],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[145,174],"<tex-math":[146,175],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-$</tex-math>":[147,176],"</inline-formula>":[148,177],"14.2-dBm":[149],"at":[152,182,192,235,258],"0.39":[153],"THz.":[154,184],"characterized":[158],"up":[159],"0.8":[161],"using":[163],"Virginia":[164],"Diodes":[165],"(VDI)":[166],"mixers,":[167],"EIRP":[170],"3.8":[178],"measured":[181],"0.78":[183],"In":[185],"measure":[188],"tones":[191,215,257],"frequencies,":[194],"Fourier-transform":[195],"infrared":[196],"(FTIR)":[197],"spectroscopy":[198],"with":[201,225],"room-temperature":[203],"deuterated":[204],"triglycine":[205],"sulfate":[206],"(DTGS)":[207],"detector.":[208],"Measurement":[209],"results":[210],"confirm":[211],"presence":[213],"extending":[216],"region":[220],"region,":[224],"SNR":[227],"18.4,":[229],"14,":[230],"9.3,":[231],"6.7":[233],"dB":[234],"1.17,":[236],"2.21,":[237],"3.25,":[238],"4.03":[240],"THz,":[241],"respectively.":[242],"first":[247],"demonstration":[248],"silicon":[251],"capable":[253],"generating":[255],"detectable":[256],"frequencies.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}