{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377007929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","title":"A Digital PLL-Based Phase Modulator With Non-Uniform Clock Compensation and Non-linearity Predistortion","display_name":"A Digital PLL-Based Phase Modulator With Non-Uniform Clock Compensation and Non-linearity Predistortion","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377007929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10124877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10124877.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035630868","display_name":"Zhong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-0468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030814528","display_name":"Martin Fritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-8098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31582689","display_name":"Stuttgart Technical University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/039gdg280","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Fritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stuttgart Technology Center, Sony Europe B.V., Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stuttgart Technology Center, Sony Europe B.V., Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382688","display_name":"Gerd Spalink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31582689","display_name":"Stuttgart Technical University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/039gdg280","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerd Spalink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stuttgart Technology Center, Sony Europe B.V., Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stuttgart Technology Center, Sony Europe B.V., Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31582689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["IE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038559388","display_name":"Masoud Babaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-5324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Babaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-5324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0453,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75806242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"2526","last_page":"2542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predistortion","display_name":"Predistortion","score":0.7564606666564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.7452336549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5147131085395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4165321886539459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.41570404171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4007630944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36710652709007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35869520902633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20313528180122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.16200345754623413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239686","display_name":"Predistortion","level":4,"score":0.7564606666564941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.7452336549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5147131085395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4165321886539459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.41570404171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4007630944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36710652709007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35869520902633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20313528180122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.16200345754623413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10124877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:ff9c43b5-2cec-4175-b7ed-3c75dff1754c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ff9c43b5-2cec-4175-b7ed-3c75dff1754c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3270265","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/4359912/10124877.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317106","display_name":"Sony","ror":"https://ror.org/04wzv3n59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321012","display_name":"Technische Universiteit Delft","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377007929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377007929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626338322","https://openalex.org/W1535027829","https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W1569484296","https://openalex.org/W1983425587","https://openalex.org/W1983694642","https://openalex.org/W1995246417","https://openalex.org/W2034830823","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2053612266","https://openalex.org/W2070507767","https://openalex.org/W2072864093","https://openalex.org/W2084208879","https://openalex.org/W2102096768","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2127135220","https://openalex.org/W2138287965","https://openalex.org/W2150224811","https://openalex.org/W2160797709","https://openalex.org/W2180973527","https://openalex.org/W2292410567","https://openalex.org/W2513588855","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2536042287","https://openalex.org/W2559073178","https://openalex.org/W2591749641","https://openalex.org/W2594929092","https://openalex.org/W2735274637","https://openalex.org/W2789248965","https://openalex.org/W2793344288","https://openalex.org/W2886495418","https://openalex.org/W2897883690","https://openalex.org/W2901134537","https://openalex.org/W2913880373","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W3040132809","https://openalex.org/W3091128755","https://openalex.org/W3212243158","https://openalex.org/W4241412730","https://openalex.org/W4286571748","https://openalex.org/W4299973078","https://openalex.org/W4312742732","https://openalex.org/W6733847458","https://openalex.org/W6734569215","https://openalex.org/W6847397357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566759643","https://openalex.org/W1544915183","https://openalex.org/W1794724347","https://openalex.org/W2130767819","https://openalex.org/W2042788876","https://openalex.org/W2152797058","https://openalex.org/W2372593004","https://openalex.org/W2162529762","https://openalex.org/W70357103","https://openalex.org/W3037983288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,21,39,53,93,109],"low-power":[6],"digital":[7,55],"phase-locked":[8],"loop":[9],"(PLL)-based":[10],"phase":[11],"modulator":[12],"targeting":[13],"low":[14],"error":[15],"vector":[16],"magnitude":[17],"(EVM).":[18],"We":[19,50],"introduce":[20],"new":[22],"non-uniform":[23],"clock":[24,42],"compensation":[25],"(NUCC)":[26],"scheme":[27],"to":[28,46,58,140],"tackle":[29],"an":[30,64],"EVM":[31,98,157],"degradation":[32],"resulting":[33],"from":[34,92],"the":[35,47,60,72,84,87,114,117,132,135,141,155,169,176],"beneficial":[36],"use":[37],"of":[38,63,74,89],"time-varying":[40],"sampling":[41],"that":[43,116],"is":[44,99,120],"re-timed":[45],"phase-modulated":[48,118],"carrier.":[49],"also":[51],"employ":[52],"phase-domain":[54],"predistortion":[56],"(DPD)":[57],"combat":[59],"intrinsic":[61],"non-linearity":[62,138],"LC-type":[65],"digitally":[66],"controlled":[67],"oscillator":[68],"(DCO),":[69],"thus":[70],"avoiding":[71],"complications":[73],"frequency-dependent":[75],"calibrations.":[76],"The":[77,96],"prototype,":[78],"implemented":[79],"in":[80,86],"40-nm":[81],"CMOS,":[82],"modulates":[83],"carrier":[85],"range":[88,172],"2.7\u20133.9":[90],"GHz":[91],"40-MHz":[94],"reference.":[95],"measured":[97,156],"<inline-formula":[100,123,147,160],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101,124,148,161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[102,125,149,162],"<tex-math":[103,126,150,163],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-$</tex-math>":[104,164],"</inline-formula>":[105,128,152,165],"47":[106],"dB":[107,167],"for":[108],"60-Mb/s":[110],"64-PSK":[111],"modulation":[112],"under":[113],"case":[115],"output":[119],"frequency-divided":[121],"by":[122],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$K=8$</tex-math>":[127,151],",":[129],"i.e.,":[130],"when":[131],"DCO":[133,177],"exhibits":[134],"most":[136],"significant":[137],"due":[139],"large":[142],"fractional":[143],"FM":[144],"bandwidth.":[145],"When":[146],"or":[153],"4,":[154],"remains":[158],"below":[159],"43":[166],"across":[168],"carrier-frequency":[170],"tuning":[171],"and":[173],"without":[174],"re-calibrating":[175],"non-linearity.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
