{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318827279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031","title":"A Hybrid ToF Image Sensor for Long-Range 3D Depth Measurement Under High Ambient Light Conditions","display_name":"A Hybrid ToF Image Sensor for Long-Range 3D Depth Measurement Under High Ambient Light Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318827279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025233882","display_name":"Kunihiro Hatakeyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-7654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110394","display_name":"Toppan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01kz55g98","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunihiro Hatakeyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-7654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003661833","display_name":"Yu Okubo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110394","display_name":"Toppan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01kz55g98","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Okubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019925946","display_name":"Tomohiro Nakagome","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110394","display_name":"Toppan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01kz55g98","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Nakagome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015348383","display_name":"Masahiro Makino","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOPPAN TECHNICAL DESIGN CENTER CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOPPAN TECHNICAL DESIGN CENTER CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036397683","display_name":"Hiroshi Takashima","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Takashima","raw_affiliation_strings":["TOPPAN TECHNICAL DESIGN CENTER CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TOPPAN TECHNICAL DESIGN CENTER CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088939276","display_name":"Takahiro Akutsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-1606"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Akutsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-1606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076224754","display_name":"Takehide Sawamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takehide Sawamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060728270","display_name":"Masanori Nagase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6260-203X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masanori Nagase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108565724","display_name":"Tatsuo NOGUCHI","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110394","display_name":"Toppan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01kz55g98","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuo Noguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toppan Inc., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065338590","display_name":"Shoji Kawahito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-5006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoji Kawahito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-5006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookman Technology Inc., Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025233882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110394"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9793504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"983","last_page":"992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subframe","display_name":"Subframe","score":0.8432662487030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.7570801973342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.6963391900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6779353618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.648328959941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5978559851646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5556130409240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.5270861983299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4929473400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4374116063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4318335950374603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3935311436653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2167532742023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1865173578262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.18404516577720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.10404416918754578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776514898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631141","display_name":"Subframe","level":3,"score":0.8432662487030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.7570801973342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6963391900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6779353618621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.648328959941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5978559851646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5556130409240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.5270861983299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4929473400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4374116063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4318335950374603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3935311436653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2167532742023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1865173578262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.18404516577720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.10404416918754578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2023.3238031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3597476065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18H05240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975328031","https://openalex.org/W2020640905","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2057171916","https://openalex.org/W2144372297","https://openalex.org/W2578612933","https://openalex.org/W2790853419","https://openalex.org/W2884239713","https://openalex.org/W2997346195","https://openalex.org/W3005645208","https://openalex.org/W3092058258","https://openalex.org/W3093840329","https://openalex.org/W3120192381","https://openalex.org/W3134026884","https://openalex.org/W3135101855","https://openalex.org/W3135749833","https://openalex.org/W3136617232","https://openalex.org/W3137422755","https://openalex.org/W4205464024","https://openalex.org/W4286571864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981759662","https://openalex.org/W2081509258","https://openalex.org/W2541387689","https://openalex.org/W2463325573","https://openalex.org/W1873415836","https://openalex.org/W2345301606","https://openalex.org/W2944239605","https://openalex.org/W2139783875","https://openalex.org/W2526894178","https://openalex.org/W2106574814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,77],"indirect":[2],"time":[3,26],"of":[4,11,55,73,119],"flight":[5],"(iToF)":[6],"sensor":[7,40,96],"realizing":[8],"long-range":[9],"measurement":[10],"30":[12,58],"m":[13,59,65],"has":[14],"been":[15],"demonstrated":[16],"by":[17,30,47,116],"a":[18,53,102,117],"hybrid":[19],"ToF":[20,109],"(hToF)":[21],"operation,":[22],"which":[23],"uses":[24],"multiple":[25,108],"windows":[27],"(TWs)":[28],"prepared":[29],"multi-tap":[31],"pixels":[32],"and":[33,43,63],"range-shifted":[34],"subframes.":[35],"The":[36,76,95],"VGA-resolution":[37],"hToF":[38,78],"image":[39],"with":[41,80],"4-tap":[42],"1-drain":[44],"pixels,":[45],"fabricated":[46],"the":[48,90],"BSI":[49],"process,":[50],"can":[51],"measure":[52],"depth":[54],"up":[56],"to":[57],"for":[60,66,85,101],"indoor":[61],"operation":[62,68,79],"20":[64],"outdoor":[67],"under":[69],"high":[70],"ambient":[71],"light":[72],"100":[74],"klux.":[75],"overlapped":[81],"TWs":[82],"between":[83,107],"subframes":[84],"mitigating":[86],"an":[87],"issue":[88],"on":[89],"motion":[91],"artifact":[92],"is":[93,114],"implemented.":[94],"works":[97],"at":[98],"120":[99],"frames/s":[100],"single":[103],"subframe":[104],"operation.":[105],"Interference":[106],"cameras":[110],"in":[111],"IoT":[112],"systems":[113],"suppressed":[115],"technique":[118],"emission":[120],"cycle-time":[121],"changing.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}