{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312590374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","title":"A Highly Integrated Hybrid DC\u2013DC Converter With nH-Scale IPD Inductors","display_name":"A Highly Integrated Hybrid DC\u2013DC Converter With nH-Scale IPD Inductors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312590374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/10051119/09987567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/10051119/09987567.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052908835","display_name":"Tianshi Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshi Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-520X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090792361","display_name":"Jianglin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-4590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianglin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-4590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072186707","display_name":"Dragan Maksimovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dragan Maksimovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-0230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030237378","display_name":"Hanh\u2010Phuc Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-3682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanh-Phuc Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-3682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67494288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"3","first_page":"705","last_page":"719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.7194662094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.6999502778053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","score":0.5406314134597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4551033079624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.43658921122550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4274354577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"Power density","score":0.4255217909812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42387133836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.379806250333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.371384859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3626471161842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30474138259887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20217999815940857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.7194662094116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.6999502778053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.5406314134597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4551033079624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.43658921122550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4274354577064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.4255217909812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42387133836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.379806250333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.371384859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3626471161842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30474138259887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20217999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/10051119/09987567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt5bg0g1ds","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bg0g1ds","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5bg0g1ds/qt5bg0g1ds.pdf?t=rrk4aj","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol 58, iss 3","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3227163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4/10051119/09987567.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306994","display_name":"Lockheed Martin","ror":"https://ror.org/026er9r08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312590374.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312590374.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971634392","https://openalex.org/W2054441313","https://openalex.org/W2062732075","https://openalex.org/W2109312876","https://openalex.org/W2153702851","https://openalex.org/W2158552598","https://openalex.org/W2168519226","https://openalex.org/W2171048418","https://openalex.org/W2520999371","https://openalex.org/W2594195950","https://openalex.org/W2762350900","https://openalex.org/W2769311266","https://openalex.org/W2801977341","https://openalex.org/W2883038049","https://openalex.org/W2890284206","https://openalex.org/W2891545821","https://openalex.org/W2947178171","https://openalex.org/W2947179071","https://openalex.org/W2983597030","https://openalex.org/W3015100635","https://openalex.org/W3111976901","https://openalex.org/W3128025572","https://openalex.org/W4226415399","https://openalex.org/W4280632289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027630214","https://openalex.org/W2048093852","https://openalex.org/W2165645320","https://openalex.org/W2080420513","https://openalex.org/W2168095168","https://openalex.org/W2118835423","https://openalex.org/W4294795310","https://openalex.org/W3013760104","https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W4391036621"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,25,54,80,91,127,133,162,168,177,187,192],"new":[4],"integrated":[5,111],"step-down":[6],"dc\u2013dc":[7],"hybrid":[8],"converter":[9,33,61],"that":[10],"uses":[11],"only":[12],"nano-Henry":[13],"scale":[14],"inductors":[15,115],"at":[16],"2\u20135-MHz":[17],"switching":[18],"frequency.":[19],"Since":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,62,88,148],"derived":[23],"from":[24,140],"Dickson-star":[26],"switched":[27],"capacitor":[28],"(SC)":[29],"converter,":[30,198],"the":[31,35,119,151,185,197,201],"proposed":[32],"inherits":[34],"benefit":[36],"of":[37,79,121,130,137,165,172,180,203],"low":[38],"voltage":[39],"stress":[40],"on":[41,90,150],"switches":[42],"while":[43,175],"enjoying":[44],"an":[45],"efficient":[46],"fine":[47],"regulation":[48],"by":[49],"phase":[50,210],"shift,":[51],"similar":[52],"to":[53,143],"dual":[55],"active":[56,86],"bridge":[57],"(DAB)":[58],"converter.":[59],"The":[60,85],"optimized,":[63],"designed,":[64],"and":[65,108,132,167,191,214],"fabricated":[66],"in":[67,126,220],"1.7":[68],"<inline-formula":[69,93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[70,94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[71,95],"<tex-math":[72,96],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[73,97],"$":[74,98],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[75,99],"1.9":[76],"mm":[77,101],"area":[78],"130-nm":[81],"bipolar-CMOS-DMOS":[82],"(BCD)":[83],"process.":[84],"die":[87],"flip-chipped":[89],"6.5":[92,100],"package":[102,153],"substrate":[103,154],"together":[104,199],"with":[105,156,200],"power":[106,135,170,179],"capacitors":[107],"two":[109],"10-nH":[110],"passive":[112,122],"device":[113],"(IPD)":[114],"for":[116,196],"demonstration,":[117],"illustrating":[118],"feasibility":[120],"components\u2019":[123],"integration,":[124],"resulting":[125],"peak":[128,134,163,169],"efficiency":[129,164],"91.2%":[131],"density":[136,171],"1.36":[138],"W/mm3":[139],"9.6\u201312-V":[141],"input":[142],"2.15\u20133.3-V":[144],"output.":[145],"Another":[146],"demonstration":[147],"constructed":[149],"same":[152],"but":[155],"discrete":[157],"air-core":[158],"inductors.":[159],"It":[160],"achieves":[161],"92.4%":[166],"0.62":[173],"W/mm3,":[174],"delivering":[176],"max":[178],"7.5":[181],"W.":[182],"To":[183],"achieve":[184],"performance,":[186],"detailed":[188],"loss":[189],"analysis":[190],"unique":[193],"optimization":[194],"methodology":[195],"design":[202],"key":[204],"sub-blocks,":[205],"including":[206],"gate":[207],"drivers":[208],"(GDs),":[209],"shift":[211],"modulator":[212],"(PSM),":[213],"ramp":[215],"generator":[216],"(RG),":[217],"are":[218],"provided":[219],"this":[221],"article.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}