{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312694549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829","title":"Fully Integrated Electronic-Photonic Ultrasound Receiver Array for Endoscopic Applications in a Zero-Change 45-nm CMOS-SOI Process","display_name":"Fully Integrated Electronic-Photonic Ultrasound Receiver Array for Endoscopic Applications in a Zero-Change 45-nm CMOS-SOI Process","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312694549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031928368","display_name":"Panagiotis Zarkos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Zarkos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110115520","display_name":"Sidney Buchbinder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138881","display_name":"Ayar Labs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rgkeg55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138881"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidney Buchbinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Ayar Labs, Emeryville, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ayar Labs, Emeryville, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023025573","display_name":"Christos Adamopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-496X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Adamopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3074-496X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049657904","display_name":"Sarika Madhvapathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5793-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarika Madhvapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5793-8072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039681071","display_name":"Olivia Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017811956","display_name":"J. R. Whinnery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-1131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Whinnery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-1131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074277488","display_name":"Pavan Bhargava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Bhargava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-0458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025438151","display_name":"Vladimir Stojanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-6863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Stojanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-6863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52843539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"1719","last_page":"1734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transimpedance-amplifier","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","score":0.5415177345275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.5333836674690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.4668935537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44225749373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.4410057067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.407520592212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3938518762588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.37540900707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.35760587453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.35716718435287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3444886803627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21058931946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.11117351055145264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92631468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215437","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5415177345275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5333836674690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.4668935537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44225749373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.4410057067871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.407520592212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3938518762588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.37540900707244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.35760587453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.35716718435287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3444886803627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21058931946754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.11117351055145264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3222829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1232520526","display_name":"OuSense: Electronic-Photonic System-on-Chip for Real-time Endoscopic Ultrasound 3D Imaging","funder_award_id":"2128402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532833224","https://openalex.org/W1548231692","https://openalex.org/W1590033016","https://openalex.org/W1983321639","https://openalex.org/W1992245557","https://openalex.org/W1995265496","https://openalex.org/W1998057530","https://openalex.org/W2016652072","https://openalex.org/W2017451361","https://openalex.org/W2019994088","https://openalex.org/W2030964111","https://openalex.org/W2055440875","https://openalex.org/W2060527428","https://openalex.org/W2076128217","https://openalex.org/W2089688900","https://openalex.org/W2090338205","https://openalex.org/W2094402543","https://openalex.org/W2096126151","https://openalex.org/W2111721632","https://openalex.org/W2125579852","https://openalex.org/W2139695483","https://openalex.org/W2145264398","https://openalex.org/W2157422454","https://openalex.org/W2165903230","https://openalex.org/W2174803828","https://openalex.org/W2179108070","https://openalex.org/W2216062291","https://openalex.org/W2329634910","https://openalex.org/W2330189223","https://openalex.org/W2337866056","https://openalex.org/W2569264893","https://openalex.org/W2578300007","https://openalex.org/W2601450127","https://openalex.org/W2607233868","https://openalex.org/W2762562645","https://openalex.org/W2765815218","https://openalex.org/W2792380342","https://openalex.org/W2802631439","https://openalex.org/W2903937258","https://openalex.org/W2969753452","https://openalex.org/W2981254335","https://openalex.org/W2999812210","https://openalex.org/W3010057883","https://openalex.org/W3089896104","https://openalex.org/W3118338221","https://openalex.org/W3133542079","https://openalex.org/W3134709550","https://openalex.org/W3184957627","https://openalex.org/W3189697081","https://openalex.org/W3191988507","https://openalex.org/W3209418073","https://openalex.org/W4229936176","https://openalex.org/W4254105606","https://openalex.org/W4293811929","https://openalex.org/W6632046581","https://openalex.org/W6632712957","https://openalex.org/W6654856795","https://openalex.org/W6683427591","https://openalex.org/W6749695725","https://openalex.org/W6842369531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073647320","https://openalex.org/W2029411507","https://openalex.org/W2057745481","https://openalex.org/W2127251307","https://openalex.org/W2039899645","https://openalex.org/W2371342700","https://openalex.org/W2327110311","https://openalex.org/W2363059241","https://openalex.org/W3215187042","https://openalex.org/W266342242"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,97],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,47,61,66,71,76,80,89,122,134,153,220],"first":[4],"fully":[5],"integrated":[6],"2-D":[7],"array":[8],"of":[9,46,60,65,117,127,137,178,209,215,219],"electronic-photonic":[10,33],"ultrasound":[11,16,43,194],"sensors":[12,44,119],"targeting":[13],"low-power":[14],"miniaturized":[15],"probes":[17],"for":[18,173,190],"endoscopic":[19,193],"applications.":[20],"Fabricated":[21],"in":[22,125,226],"a":[23,143,157,174,191],"zero-change":[24],"45-nm":[25],"CMOS-silicon-on-insulator":[26],"(SOI)":[27],"technology,":[28],"this":[29],"5.53$\\times":[30],"$3.03":[31],"mm":[32,214],"system":[34],"on":[35],"chip":[36,222],"(EPSoC)":[37],"utilizes":[38],"micro-ring":[39],"resonators":[40],"(MRRs)":[41],"as":[42],"instead":[45],"traditional":[48],"piezoelectric":[49],"or":[50,55,130],"capacitive":[51],"micromachined":[52],"transducers":[53],"(PMUTs":[54],"CMUTs).":[56],"The":[57,197,217],"photonic":[58,138,198],"nature":[59],"sensor":[62,154,175],"enables":[63],"remoting":[64],"power-hungry":[67],"receive":[68],"electronics":[69],"outside":[70],"probe":[72],"tip,":[73],"thus":[74],"lowering":[75],"power":[77,107,210],"dissipation":[78],"inside":[79],"human":[81],"body.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"it":[84],"eliminates":[85],"electrical":[86],"cabling,":[87],"replacing":[88],"bulky":[90],"micro-coax":[91],"cables":[92],"with":[93,140],"thinner":[94],"optic":[95],"fibers.":[96],"EPSoC":[98],"also":[99],"reduces":[100],"fiber":[101],"count":[102],"by":[103,111],"8$\\times":[104],"$with":[105],"zero":[106],"and":[108,163,211],"area":[109],"overhead":[110],"performing":[112],"wavelength":[113],"division":[114],"multiplexed":[115],"interrogation":[116],"MRR":[118],"coupled":[120],"onto":[121],"same":[123],"waveguide":[124],"lieu":[126],"sub-array":[128],"beamforming":[129,229],"in-pixel":[131],"digitization.":[132],"Leveraging":[133],"monolithic":[135],"integration":[136],"devices":[139],"CMOS":[141],"circuitry,":[142],"complete":[144],"receiver":[145,195,228],"(RX)":[146],"unit":[147],"is":[148],"built":[149],"right":[150],"next":[151],"to":[152],"MRRs,":[155],"including":[156],"programmable":[158],"gain":[159],"transimpedance":[160],"amplifier":[161],"(TIA)":[162],"background":[164],"current":[165],"cancellation":[166],"digital-to-analog":[167],"converters":[168],"($I_{\\text":[169],"{DAC}}\\text{s}$),":[170],"which":[171],"allow":[172],"operating":[176],"range":[177],"74":[179],"dB.":[180],"A":[181],"9-bit":[182],"SAR":[183],"ADC":[184],"performs":[185],"on-chip":[186],"A/D":[187],"conversion":[188],"making":[189],"self-contained":[192],"system.":[196],"sensing":[199],"element":[200],"demonstrates":[201],"7.3":[202],"mV/kPa":[203],"sensitivity":[204],"while":[205],"consuming":[206],"0.43":[207],"mW":[208],"occupying":[212],"0.01":[213],"area.":[216],"functionality":[218],"fabricated":[221],"has":[223],"been":[224],"demonstrated":[225],"ultrasonic":[227],"experiments.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}