{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312863740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436","title":"A 28-GHz Four-Channel Beamforming Front-End IC With Dual-Vector Variable Gain Phase Shifters for 64-Element Phased Array Antenna Module","display_name":"A 28-GHz Four-Channel Beamforming Front-End IC With Dual-Vector Variable Gain Phase Shifters for 64-Element Phased Array Antenna Module","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312863740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083624265","display_name":"Jinseok Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-4112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinseok Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Department of Electronics Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-4112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101690470","display_name":"Seungchan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-9660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungchan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-9660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101915628","display_name":"Jong\u2010Hoon Chun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonghoon Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["RFcore Company, Sungnam, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RFcore Company, Sungnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083191558","display_name":"Laurence Jeon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["RFcore Company, Sungnam, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RFcore Company, Sungnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033328336","display_name":"Songcheol Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-1565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songcheol Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-1565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5241,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95509807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"1142","last_page":"1159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5812167525291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.516999363899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4961000382900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"Noise figure","score":0.4518517851829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.45169684290885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4409354031085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4009562134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36812126636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35120612382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.22328659892082214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5812167525291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.516999363899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4961000382900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.4518517851829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.45169684290885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4409354031085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009562134742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36812126636505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35120612382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.22328659892082214}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3214436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633148937","https://openalex.org/W1489685456","https://openalex.org/W1982686915","https://openalex.org/W2012557280","https://openalex.org/W2060460325","https://openalex.org/W2062477349","https://openalex.org/W2090889213","https://openalex.org/W2104663509","https://openalex.org/W2109324008","https://openalex.org/W2112481448","https://openalex.org/W2122610088","https://openalex.org/W2123786525","https://openalex.org/W2131556268","https://openalex.org/W2132331233","https://openalex.org/W2138134014","https://openalex.org/W2149907548","https://openalex.org/W2153589554","https://openalex.org/W2165365566","https://openalex.org/W2539324631","https://openalex.org/W2552534805","https://openalex.org/W2645161951","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W2790457714","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2798864485","https://openalex.org/W2809408843","https://openalex.org/W2893976678","https://openalex.org/W2896094378","https://openalex.org/W2901445838","https://openalex.org/W2909922325","https://openalex.org/W2912095155","https://openalex.org/W2920838253","https://openalex.org/W2921926989","https://openalex.org/W2922196175","https://openalex.org/W2964876025","https://openalex.org/W2971884506","https://openalex.org/W2988844044","https://openalex.org/W2997542838","https://openalex.org/W2999329469","https://openalex.org/W3005524117","https://openalex.org/W3015072471","https://openalex.org/W3015540238","https://openalex.org/W3022683610","https://openalex.org/W3026450578","https://openalex.org/W3029387881","https://openalex.org/W3034442782","https://openalex.org/W3090145639","https://openalex.org/W3107364267","https://openalex.org/W3108046567","https://openalex.org/W3112654634","https://openalex.org/W3112860566","https://openalex.org/W3118298779","https://openalex.org/W3118415140","https://openalex.org/W3119635602","https://openalex.org/W3129968467","https://openalex.org/W3135961049","https://openalex.org/W3165206712","https://openalex.org/W3175060641","https://openalex.org/W3208672124","https://openalex.org/W4206031172","https://openalex.org/W4213083061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042078013","https://openalex.org/W2915921466","https://openalex.org/W4288561389","https://openalex.org/W2949093653","https://openalex.org/W2541555074","https://openalex.org/W1566759643","https://openalex.org/W2077847664","https://openalex.org/W1551719207","https://openalex.org/W2535056989","https://openalex.org/W3096327616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"28-GHz":[1],"fully":[2],"differential":[3,96,127],"four-channel":[4,134,182,246],"beamforming":[5],"front-end":[6,51,183],"IC":[7,184],"with":[8,71,220,229,269],"variable":[9],"gain":[10,21,92,157,175,198],"phase":[11,19,165,172,188,196],"shifters":[12],"(VGPSs)":[13],"is":[14,23,75,147,267],"presented,":[15],"of":[16,56,138,159,167,190,208,217,258,274,287],"which":[17,87,114],"orthogonal":[18],"and":[20,42,61,81,100,120,145,162,174,197,211],"control":[22,173,199],"achieved":[24,170],"in":[25,49,110,132],"a":[26,72,95,116,121,205,239,251,270,285],"single":[27,102],"block":[28],"using":[29,245,277],"the":[30,50,57,111,133,136,151,155,163,194,212],"proposed":[31,152],"dual-vector":[32,153],"synthesis":[33],"technique.":[34],"This":[35],"greatly":[36],"reduces":[37,88],"chip":[38,118],"size,":[39],"power":[40,68,85,89,98,216,232,256],"consumption,":[41],"calibration":[43],"complexity.":[44],"The":[45,66,181],"antenna":[46,244],"switch":[47,107],"embedded":[48],"matching":[52],"network":[53],"minimizes":[54],"degradation":[55],"transmitter":[58],"(TX)":[59],"efficiency":[60,80],"receiver":[62],"(RX)":[63],"noise":[64],"figure.":[65],"multi-mode":[67],"amplifier":[69],"(PA)":[70],"built-in":[73],"linearizer":[74],"presented":[76],"to":[77,143,150],"have":[78],"high":[79,252],"linearity":[82],"for":[83,129],"all":[84,130,281],"modes,":[86],"consumption":[90],"during":[91,171,193],"control.":[93],"Also,":[94,235],"four-way":[97],"divider":[99],"an":[101],"pole":[103],"double":[104],"throw":[105],"(SPDT)":[106],"are":[108,169],"introduced":[109],"common":[112],"path,":[113],"has":[115,204],"small":[117],"size":[119],"low":[122],"insertion":[123],"loss.":[124],"By":[125],"adopting":[126],"structures":[128],"components":[131],"IC,":[135],"effect":[137],"parasitic":[139],"grounding":[140],"inductances":[141],"due":[142],"bonding":[144],"package":[146],"minimized.":[148],"Thanks":[149],"VGPS,":[154],"rms":[156,187],"error":[158,189],"0.21":[160],"dB":[161],"peak":[164],"variation":[166],"\u00b11.7\u00b0":[168],"control,":[176],"respectively,":[177],"without":[178,200],"any":[179,201],"calibration.":[180,202],"also":[185],"achieves":[186],"only":[191],"1.4\u00b0":[192],"simultaneous":[195],"It":[203,249],"TX":[206],"OP1dB":[207],"13.3":[209],"dBm":[210,219,260],"highest":[213],"linear":[214],"output":[215],"7.2":[218],"400-MHz":[221],"64-QAM":[222,278],"fifth-generation":[223],"(5G)":[224],"new":[225],"radio":[226],"(NR)":[227],"signals":[228],"9.6-dB":[230],"peak-to-average":[231],"ratio":[233],"(PAPR).":[234],"this":[236],"article":[237],"presents":[238],"64-element":[240],"brick-type":[241],"phased":[242],"array":[243],"core":[247],"chips.":[248],"shows":[250],"effective":[253],"isotropic":[254],"radiated":[255],"(EIRP)":[257],"54.4":[259],"at":[261,284],"28":[262],"GHz.":[263],"An":[264],"over-the-air":[265],"link":[266],"demonstrated":[268],"competitive":[271],"data":[272],"rate":[273],"4":[275],"Gb/s":[276],"waveforms":[279],"over":[280],"scan":[282],"angles":[283],"distance":[286],"100":[288],"m.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}