{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288391581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711","title":"A 56-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter/Receiver Chipset With Nonlinear FFE for VCSEL-Based Optical Links in 40-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 56-Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter/Receiver Chipset With Nonlinear FFE for VCSEL-Based Optical Links in 40-nm CMOS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288391581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017157916","display_name":"Pen-Jui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pen-Jui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-5746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074971359","display_name":"Po\u2010Lin Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Lin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054062487","display_name":"Hsiang-En Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-En Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["M31 Technology Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M31 Technology Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007767899","display_name":"Weijian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-134X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Jian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["M31 Technology Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M31 Technology Corporation, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009772982","display_name":"Ming-Wei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Wei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-5528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110220041","display_name":"Ying\u2010Zong Juang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Zong Juang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103361517","display_name":"Sheng-Hsiang Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166867","display_name":"National Institutes of Applied Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05wcstg80","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128167","https://openalex.org/I4210166867"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Hsiang Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute (TSRI), National Applied Research Laboratories (NARL), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166867","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017157916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88437615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"10","first_page":"3025","last_page":"3035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6927391886711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chipset","display_name":"Chipset","score":0.6381885409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-interconnect","display_name":"Optical interconnect","score":0.603506326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5765727162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser","display_name":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser","score":0.5625475645065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transimpedance-amplifier","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","score":0.5122165083885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.46259135007858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.46167469024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.458385169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-link","display_name":"Optical link","score":0.4273334741592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.4213530123233795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.39876285195350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3931422233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36060094833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.3426518738269806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.34221380949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.28071922063827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2750013768672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22568297386169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21355828642845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.19265830516815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.17973122000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.15470346808433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.15340358018875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.13138124346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-power-amplifier","display_name":"RF power amplifier","score":0.10988610982894897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6927391886711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73431340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182656","display_name":"Chipset","level":3,"score":0.6381885409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777759342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098860","display_name":"Optical interconnect","level":3,"score":0.603506326675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5765727162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106246969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009618","display_name":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser","level":3,"score":0.5625475645065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92631468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215437","display_name":"Transimpedance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5122165083885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.46259135007858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.46167469024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.458385169506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777226104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098866","display_name":"Optical link","level":3,"score":0.4273334741592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4213530123233795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.39876285195350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3931422233581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36060094833374023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.3426518738269806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.34221380949020386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.28071922063827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2750013768672943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22568297386169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21355828642845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.19265830516815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.17973122000694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.15470346808433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.15340358018875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.13138124346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196054291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276624","display_name":"RF power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.10988610982894897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3508744193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2636-E-007-025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7012628272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2218-E-007-011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G820506080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2636-E-007-023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592084739","https://openalex.org/W2017895672","https://openalex.org/W2346864961","https://openalex.org/W2734852762","https://openalex.org/W2762562645","https://openalex.org/W2767205552","https://openalex.org/W2779700767","https://openalex.org/W2883783071","https://openalex.org/W2898179143","https://openalex.org/W2898696738","https://openalex.org/W2899336955","https://openalex.org/W2899541480","https://openalex.org/W2966095298","https://openalex.org/W2972781853","https://openalex.org/W3010249106","https://openalex.org/W3015484972","https://openalex.org/W3015513494","https://openalex.org/W3016176640","https://openalex.org/W3092083854","https://openalex.org/W3135438122","https://openalex.org/W3216621685","https://openalex.org/W4200327946","https://openalex.org/W4200530131","https://openalex.org/W4206131368","https://openalex.org/W6734077143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511844348","https://openalex.org/W2096197213","https://openalex.org/W2049917026","https://openalex.org/W4384023825","https://openalex.org/W2015488096","https://openalex.org/W2627006541","https://openalex.org/W1991860569","https://openalex.org/W3150143324","https://openalex.org/W2061163116","https://openalex.org/W4288391581"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21,27,123],"56-Gb/s":[4,53,124],"four-level":[5],"pulse":[6],"amplitude":[7,133],"modulation":[8,132],"(PAM-4)":[9],"transmitter/receiver":[10],"(TX/RX)":[11],"chipset":[12],"for":[13,41,68],"optical":[14,17,69,131],"link.":[15],"The":[16,52,71,97,119,144],"transmitter":[18],"(TX)":[19],"adopts":[20],"digital-to-analog":[22],"converter":[23],"(DAC)-based":[24],"structure":[25],"with":[26,128,155],"two-tap":[28],"nonlinear":[29],"PAM-4":[30,54,126],"feed-forward":[31],"equalizer":[32,89,95],"(FFE)":[33],"implemented":[34],"in":[35,102,115],"the":[36,42,46,60,75,79,85,92,103,106,116],"digital":[37],"domain":[38],"to":[39,59,78],"compensate":[40],"asymmetric":[43],"responses":[44],"from":[45,74],"vertical":[47],"cavity":[48],"surface-emitting":[49],"laser":[50],"(VCSEL).":[51],"receiver":[55],"(RX)":[56],"is":[57,82],"connected":[58],"photodiode":[61],"(PD)":[62],"and":[63,91,111],"transimpedance":[64],"amplifier":[65],"(TIA)":[66],"module":[67,81],"application.":[70],"interconnection":[72,161],"loss":[73,162],"RX":[76,86,104,112,145],"chip":[77],"PD+TIA":[80],"compensated":[83,125],"by":[84],"continuous-time":[87],"linear":[88],"(CTLE)":[90],"one-tap":[93],"decision-feedback":[94],"(DFE).":[96],"pattern-filter-based":[98],"bang-bang":[99],"phase":[100],"detector":[101],"improves":[105],"jitter":[107],"performance.":[108],"Both":[109],"TX":[110,121],"are":[113],"fabricated":[114],"40-nm":[117],"CMOS.":[118],"VCSEL":[120],"demonstrates":[122],"waveform":[127],"\u22120.9-dBm":[129],"outer":[130],"(OMA)":[134],"while":[135,163],"consuming":[136],"only":[137],"97":[138],"mW":[139,166],"of":[140,167],"power":[141,168],"(1.73":[142],"pJ/b).":[143,170],"achieves":[146],"10":[147],"<sup":[148],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[149],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u221212</sup>":[150],"bit":[151],"error":[152],"rate":[153],"(BER)":[154],"0.08":[156],"UI":[157],"margin":[158],"under":[159],"10-dB":[160],"dissipating":[164],"278":[165],"(4.96":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}