{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288769607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546","title":"Time-Interleaved Switched Emitter Followers to Extend Front-End Sampling Rates to up to 200 GS/s","display_name":"Time-Interleaved Switched Emitter Followers to Extend Front-End Sampling Rates to up to 200 GS/s","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288769607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060899926","display_name":"Philipp Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-4552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196272386","display_name":"Providence College","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxpqe74","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196272386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","Nokia Bell Labs, New Providence, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-4552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, New Providence, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196272386","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008317568","display_name":"Jakob Finkbeiner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-8132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Finkbeiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-8132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048445253","display_name":"Markus Gr\u00f6zing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-3895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Grozing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-3895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008182166","display_name":"Manfred Berroth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-1460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manfred Berroth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-1460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060899926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346","https://openalex.org/I196272386","https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2932,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79137201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"9","first_page":"2599","last_page":"2610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7678646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.691679835319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5807735323905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5603440403938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.5341877937316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.5278648734092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5267388820648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.5072512030601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.47922283411026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4765104353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-recovery","display_name":"Clock recovery","score":0.4492364227771759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.41893136501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamplifier","display_name":"Preamplifier","score":0.4154432415962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.41521257162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.302068293094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.2596706748008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2296578586101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21536538004875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21474096179008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.1974916160106659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7678646445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.691679835319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5807735323905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5603440403938293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.5341877937316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.5278648734092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5267388820648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.5072512030601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.47922283411026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4765104353427887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779835379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348121","display_name":"Clock recovery","level":4,"score":0.4492364227771759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.41893136501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14245642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q399804","display_name":"Preamplifier","level":4,"score":0.4154432415962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.41521257162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.302068293094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.2596706748008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2296578586101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21536538004875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21474096179008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.1974916160106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2022.3192546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645533167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16ESE0210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641979401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2256/34-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6602276105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"737454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968423548","https://openalex.org/W2012200820","https://openalex.org/W2512849161","https://openalex.org/W2528981979","https://openalex.org/W2952889434","https://openalex.org/W2986780890","https://openalex.org/W3002177642","https://openalex.org/W3113716982","https://openalex.org/W3118559094","https://openalex.org/W3128115357","https://openalex.org/W3135750548","https://openalex.org/W3159599617","https://openalex.org/W3184544670","https://openalex.org/W3193150836","https://openalex.org/W3208171517","https://openalex.org/W4210483026","https://openalex.org/W4210784215","https://openalex.org/W4225796373","https://openalex.org/W4231312653","https://openalex.org/W4280514419","https://openalex.org/W6790721177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280616446","https://openalex.org/W2519164447","https://openalex.org/W1491025498","https://openalex.org/W2039152499","https://openalex.org/W1982610482","https://openalex.org/W2034939809","https://openalex.org/W1170830274","https://openalex.org/W2765723844","https://openalex.org/W1532046449","https://openalex.org/W4288769607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"transceivers":[1],"with":[2,59,88,139,209],"more":[3,15],"than":[4,16],"50":[5,232],"GBd":[6,18],"are":[7,44,237],"now":[8],"being":[9],"deployed,":[10],"while":[11,175],"the":[12,27,32,53,60,118,130,140,157,161,184,191,215,245],"use":[13],"of":[14,56,62,82,109,117,144,156,163,183,217,244],"100":[17],"is":[19,70,202,248],"currently":[20],"under":[21],"investigation.":[22],"CMOS":[23,111],"components,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,239],"analog-to-digital":[28],"converter":[29],"(ADC)":[30],"in":[31,66,99,129,154],"receiver":[33],"path,":[34],"can":[35,125,159,187],"be":[36,188],"highly":[37],"parallelized":[38],"for":[39,106,181,204,250],"higher":[40,49,135,218],"sampling":[41,136,219],"rates":[42,137],"but":[43],"difficult":[45],"to":[46,171,190],"scale":[47],"toward":[48],"analog":[50,85],"bandwidths.":[51],"Thus,":[52],"hybrid":[54],"integration":[55],"front-end":[57],"circuits":[58,92],"function":[61],"a":[63,83,100,251],"bandwidth":[64,162,174,180],"gearbox":[65],"other":[67,145],"semiconductor":[68],"technologies":[69],"an":[71,80],"interesting":[72],"research":[73],"topic.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"article,":[77],"we":[78],"show":[79,149],"example":[81],"time-interleaved":[84],"demultiplexer":[86],"(ADeMUX)":[87],"four":[89,110,192],"track-and-hold":[90],"(T/H)":[91],"based":[93],"on":[94],"switched":[95,152],"emitter":[96],"followers":[97],"(SEFs)":[98],"90-nm":[101],"silicon-germanium":[102],"(SiGe)-Bipolar-CMOS":[103],"(BiCMOS)":[104],"technology":[105],"parallel":[107],"operation":[108],"ADCs.":[112],"The":[113,196],"50%":[114],"duty":[115],"cycle":[116],"clock":[119,131,143],"signal":[120],"facilitates":[121],"its":[122],"generation":[123],"and":[124,201,207],"save":[126],"power":[127],"consumption":[128],"path":[132],"or":[133],"enable":[134],"compared":[138],"25%":[141],"duty-cycle":[142],"ADeMUX":[146],"architectures.":[147],"We":[148],"that":[150,186],"using":[151],"preamplifiers":[153],"front":[155],"SEFs":[158],"double":[160],"each":[164,182],"T/H":[165],"lane.":[166],"Experimental":[167],"verification":[168],"shows":[169],"up":[170],"57-GHz":[172],"input":[173,179],"requiring":[176],"only":[177],"16-GHz":[178],"ADCs":[185],"connected":[189],"32-GS/s":[193],"output":[194],"channels.":[195],"circuit":[197],"achieves":[198],"3\u20136-bit":[199],"accuracy":[200],"suitable":[203],"100-GBd":[205],"signaling":[206],"beyond":[208],"pulse":[210],"amplitude":[211],"modulation.":[212],"To":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"capability":[216],"rates,":[220],"measurement":[221,246],"results":[222],"at":[223],"4":[224],"<inline-formula":[225],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[227],"<tex-math":[228],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times":[229],"$":[230],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[231],"GS/s":[233,236],"=":[234],"200":[235],"provided":[238],"well":[240],"although":[241],"significant":[242],"advancement":[243],"environment":[247],"needed":[249],"complete":[252],"evaluation.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}