{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226024719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312","title":"A 0.186-pJ per Bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator Featuring Mismatch Compensation and Random Noise Enhancement","display_name":"A 0.186-pJ per Bit Latch-Based True Random Number Generator Featuring Mismatch Compensation and Random Noise Enhancement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226024719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048881917","display_name":"Ruilin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruilin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351273","display_name":"Xingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-1297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018776323","display_name":"Kunyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9328-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008563407","display_name":"Hirofumi Shinohara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-8397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirofumi Shinohara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048881917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98281476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"8","first_page":"2498","last_page":"2508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.707329273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6591662764549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.539762020111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.484394371509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4419343173503876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3821468651294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36636126041412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36120325326919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3037487864494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1859768033027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10345122218132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.08757126331329346}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.707329273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6591662764549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.539762020111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.484394371509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4419343173503876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3821468651294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36636126041412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36120325326919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3037487864494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1859768033027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10345122218132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.08757126331329346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3137312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503544849","https://openalex.org/W1565273324","https://openalex.org/W1999094902","https://openalex.org/W2010205010","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2113158626","https://openalex.org/W2117188320","https://openalex.org/W2121559464","https://openalex.org/W2150778842","https://openalex.org/W2177571745","https://openalex.org/W2318869941","https://openalex.org/W2392743951","https://openalex.org/W2401371495","https://openalex.org/W2610291885","https://openalex.org/W2621777950","https://openalex.org/W2784781042","https://openalex.org/W2807152519","https://openalex.org/W2908207594","https://openalex.org/W2912307172","https://openalex.org/W3083188224","https://openalex.org/W3100351549","https://openalex.org/W3122652066","https://openalex.org/W3135413876","https://openalex.org/W3186884094","https://openalex.org/W6678356434","https://openalex.org/W6682151157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2786245220","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W3134921237","https://openalex.org/W2316835829","https://openalex.org/W4292794277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,14,27,49,97,115,149],"mismatch":[4,190],"self-compensation":[5],"latch-based":[6],"true":[7],"random":[8,18,189],"number":[9],"generator":[10],"(TRNG)":[11],"that":[12,145,170],"harvests":[13],"metastable":[15],"region\u2019s":[16],"enhanced":[17],"noise.":[19],"The":[20,63,80,130,165],"proposed":[21,81],"TRNG":[22,147,174],"exhibits":[23],"high":[24],"randomness":[25,64],"across":[26],"wide":[28],"voltage":[29],"(0.3\u20131.0":[30],"V)":[31],"and":[32,75,114],"temperature":[33],"(\u221220":[34],"\u00b0C\u2013100":[35],"\u00b0C)":[36],"range":[37],"by":[38,71],"employing":[39],"XOR":[40,102],"of":[41,65,90,105,118,155,173],"only":[42],"four":[43],"entropy":[44,51],"sources":[45],"(ESs).":[46],"To":[47],"achieve":[48],"full":[50],"output,":[52],"an":[53],"8-bit":[54],"von":[55],"Neumann":[56],"post-processing":[57],"with":[58,96],"waiting":[59],"(VN8W)":[60],"is":[61,69,137,158],"used.":[62],"the":[66,146,161,171],"TRNG\u2019s":[67],"output":[68],"verified":[70],"NIST":[72,76],"SP":[73,77],"800\u201322":[74],"800-90B":[78],"tests.":[79],"TRNG,":[82],"fabricated":[83],"in":[84],"130-nm":[85],"CMOS,":[86],"achieves":[87,148],"state-of-the-art":[88],"energy":[89],"0.186":[91],"pJ/bit":[92],"at":[93],"0.3":[94],"V":[95],"core":[98,175],"(four":[99],"ESs":[100],"+":[101],"circuits)":[103],"area":[104,117],"661":[106],"<inline-formula":[107,120,180],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[108,121,181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[109,122,182],"<tex-math":[110,123,183],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[111,124],"\\text{m}^{2}$":[112,125],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[113,126,186],"total":[116],"5561":[119],",":[127],"including":[128],"VN8W.":[129],"robustness":[131,187],"against":[132,188],"power":[133],"noise":[134],"injection":[135],"attacks":[136],"also":[138],"demonstrated.":[139],"An":[140],"accelerating":[141],"aging":[142],"test":[143],"revealed":[144,169],"stable":[150],"operation":[151],"after":[152],"19":[153],"h":[154],"aging,":[156],"which":[157],"equivalent":[159],"to":[160],"11-year":[162],"life":[163],"reliability.":[164],"mismatch-to-noise":[166],"ratio":[167],"analysis":[168],"XOR-OUT":[172],"has":[176],"more":[177],"than":[178],"6":[179],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\sigma":[184],"$":[185],"variations.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}