{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206145908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512","title":"A 220-GHz Energy-Efficient High-Data-Rate Wireless ASK Transmitter Array","display_name":"A 220-GHz Energy-Efficient High-Data-Rate Wireless ASK Transmitter Array","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206145908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087681151","display_name":"Bahareh Hadidian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahareh Hadidian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-588X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057442942","display_name":"Farzad Khoeini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzad Khoeini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0249-6516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018002100","display_name":"S. M. Hossein Naghavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Hossein Naghavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-1250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087288705","display_name":"Andreia Cathelin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreia Cathelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-4523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016591325","display_name":"Ehsan Afshari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Afshari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90560346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"6","first_page":"1623","last_page":"1634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","score":0.8657260537147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6628531217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5612890124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.5241853594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.5145120620727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5100058317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4924388825893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.49097564816474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4330158531665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.43273982405662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.42354416847229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.41205182671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4026714861392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.36359703540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34426409006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.25410282611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.24568402767181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.23739030957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2162112593650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1320967972278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11748301982879639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.8657260537147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6628531217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5612890124320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.5241853594779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.5145120620727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5100058317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4924388825893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.49097564816474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4330158531665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.43273982405662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.42354416847229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41205182671546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4026714861392975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.36359703540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34426409006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.25410282611846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.24568402767181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.23739030957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2162112593650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1320967972278595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11748301982879639}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3133512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1648168223","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W2010594861","https://openalex.org/W2029159613","https://openalex.org/W2094831059","https://openalex.org/W2100248445","https://openalex.org/W2106687953","https://openalex.org/W2126000178","https://openalex.org/W2135295046","https://openalex.org/W2140954894","https://openalex.org/W2155947097","https://openalex.org/W2156253373","https://openalex.org/W2177041154","https://openalex.org/W2277972258","https://openalex.org/W2330108043","https://openalex.org/W2519812166","https://openalex.org/W2592683973","https://openalex.org/W2605551706","https://openalex.org/W2623317847","https://openalex.org/W2741028034","https://openalex.org/W2793607050","https://openalex.org/W2806078149","https://openalex.org/W2908308779","https://openalex.org/W2921379333","https://openalex.org/W2965104716","https://openalex.org/W2970628702","https://openalex.org/W2980769293","https://openalex.org/W2981823839","https://openalex.org/W3020154269","https://openalex.org/W3033770292","https://openalex.org/W3043281468","https://openalex.org/W3091969552","https://openalex.org/W3092477276","https://openalex.org/W3135656575","https://openalex.org/W3161871591","https://openalex.org/W3175069725","https://openalex.org/W3177351130","https://openalex.org/W4252713891","https://openalex.org/W6734601217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963190840","https://openalex.org/W4245254780","https://openalex.org/W3004908124","https://openalex.org/W2402188480","https://openalex.org/W3026616010","https://openalex.org/W2603380242","https://openalex.org/W2033596612","https://openalex.org/W3132007615","https://openalex.org/W2152491811","https://openalex.org/W2149121883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,171,182],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,27,39,64,101,108,137,148],"wireless":[6],"energy-efficient":[7],"fully":[8],"integrated":[9],"amplitude":[10],"shift":[11],"keying":[12,144],"(ASK)":[13],"transmitter":[14],"(TX)":[15],"array":[16,119,161],"at":[17,147,181],"220":[18],"GHz.":[19],"Each":[20],"TX":[21,77,179],"cell":[22],"consists":[23],"of":[24,75,99,123,159,168],"an":[25,30],"oscillator,":[26],"modulation":[28,59,146],"switch,":[29],"on-chip":[31],"antenna,":[32],"and":[33,50,60,126],"baseband":[34],"amplifiers.":[35],"The":[36,52,134,155],"oscillator":[37],"uses":[38],"harmonic":[40],"generation":[41],"technique":[42],"that":[43,67],"is":[44,55,61,162],"optimized":[45],"for":[46,57],"maximum":[47],"output":[48],"power":[49,125,132],"efficiency.":[51],"ASK":[53,104],"scheme":[54],"used":[56],"data":[58,92,139],"implemented":[62],"with":[63,142],"fast":[65],"switch":[66],"does":[68],"not":[69],"consume":[70],"any":[71],"dc":[72,124],"power.":[73],"Three":[74],"these":[76],"cells":[78],"are":[79],"coherently":[80],"coupled":[81],"together":[82],"to":[83],"increase":[84],"the":[85,91,97,118,160,166,174],"signal-to-noise":[86],"ratio":[87],"(SNR)":[88],"and,":[89],"hence,":[90],"rate.":[93],"This":[94],"also":[95],"enables":[96],"possibility":[98],"having":[100],"four-level":[102],"spatial":[103],"modulation.":[105],"Fabricated":[106],"in":[107],"55-nm":[109],"SiGe":[110],"bipolar":[111],"complementary":[112],"metal":[113],"oxide":[114],"semiconductor":[115],"(BiCMOS)":[116],"process,":[117],"dissipates":[120],"165.2":[121],"mW":[122],"generates":[127],"4.2-dBm":[128],"effective":[129],"isotropic":[130],"radiated":[131],"(EIRP).":[133],"chip":[135],"demonstrates":[136,173],"20-Gb/s":[138],"transmission":[140],"rate":[141],"on-off":[143],"(OOK)":[145],"28-cm":[149],"distance":[150],"using":[151],"low-cost":[152],"Teflon":[153],"lenses.":[154],"measured":[156],"energy":[157,176],"efficiency":[158,177],"8.26":[163],"pJ/bit.":[164],"To":[165],"best":[167,175],"our":[169],"knowledge,":[170],"work":[172],"among":[178],"arrays":[180],"frequency":[183],"range.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
