{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206094072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900","title":"A Self-Adapted Two-Point Modulation Type-II Digital PLL for Fast Chirp Rate and Wide Chirp-Bandwidth FMCW Signal Generation","display_name":"A Self-Adapted Two-Point Modulation Type-II Digital PLL for Fast Chirp Rate and Wide Chirp-Bandwidth FMCW Signal Generation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206094072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074494245","display_name":"Wei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075758670","display_name":"Zipeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-4887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zipeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-4887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086243413","display_name":"Haikun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haikun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-8938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000210123","display_name":"Angxiao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angxiao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-4385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029469291","display_name":"Shiyan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-0672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronic, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronic, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077767421","display_name":"Guopei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1058-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guopei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356864","display_name":"Zhihua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronic, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronic, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052727227","display_name":"Baoyong Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoyong Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4399-4423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, BNRis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8331686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"1162","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.8644767999649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.8368521928787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5960630774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4678282141685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4352574646472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42609164118766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.42417973279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36899638175964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3528415560722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26765763759613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.263735830783844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.14593276381492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13226830959320068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.8644767999649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.8368521928787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5960630774497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4678282141685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4352574646472931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42609164118766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.42417973279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36899638175964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3528415560722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26765763759613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.263735830783844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.14593276381492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13226830959320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3129900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4963265929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62131013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480526120","https://openalex.org/W2034290464","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2060014791","https://openalex.org/W2062952706","https://openalex.org/W2085306524","https://openalex.org/W2099064239","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2172137656","https://openalex.org/W2180930247","https://openalex.org/W2289520113","https://openalex.org/W2291998445","https://openalex.org/W2316615363","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2471244034","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2600457838","https://openalex.org/W2611384543","https://openalex.org/W2619168741","https://openalex.org/W2623781450","https://openalex.org/W2740794586","https://openalex.org/W2766585732","https://openalex.org/W2782009578","https://openalex.org/W2785102225","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2789364534","https://openalex.org/W2894291793","https://openalex.org/W2894419025","https://openalex.org/W2972420192","https://openalex.org/W2977323268","https://openalex.org/W2981556216","https://openalex.org/W2985550022","https://openalex.org/W3002582582","https://openalex.org/W3015845666","https://openalex.org/W3040137522","https://openalex.org/W3044837837","https://openalex.org/W3108647219","https://openalex.org/W3110909710","https://openalex.org/W3121281254","https://openalex.org/W3135264457","https://openalex.org/W3135411826","https://openalex.org/W3135783513","https://openalex.org/W3160741372","https://openalex.org/W3183426013","https://openalex.org/W3184960375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576949837","https://openalex.org/W2097523295","https://openalex.org/W4360861688","https://openalex.org/W3134930219","https://openalex.org/W2377235482","https://openalex.org/W1829578299","https://openalex.org/W2135637467","https://openalex.org/W2541919072","https://openalex.org/W2106505719","https://openalex.org/W2049126903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"from":[1,122],"the":[2,64,69,72,83,94,100,103,116,136,156,160,165,170],"conventional":[3,84],"two-point":[4],"modulation":[5],"(TPM)":[6],"type-II":[7,32,60,75],"phase-locked":[8],"loops":[9],"(PLLs)":[10],"requiring":[11],"non-trivial":[12],"gain":[13,29],"calibrations":[14],"and":[15,23,127,149,169],"TPM":[16,31,74,85],"type-III":[17,86],"PLLs":[18],"with":[19,53,145],"loop":[20,96],"stability":[21],"concern":[22],"limited":[24],"chirp":[25,104,144,172],"rate,":[26],"a":[27,59,110,123,141],"self-adapting":[28],"mismatch":[30],"digital":[33,95],"PLL":[34,76,118,138],"is":[35,77,91],"proposed":[36,73,117,137],"in":[37,68,93,109],"this":[38,162],"article.":[39],"It":[40],"directly":[41],"detects":[42],"frequency":[43,50,56],"error":[44,57],"as":[45],"its":[46],"input":[47],"signal,":[48],"allowing":[49],"ramp":[51],"tracking":[52],"zero":[54],"steady-state":[55],"using":[58],"PLL.":[61,87],"In":[62],"addition,":[63],"maximum":[65],"trackable":[66],"slope":[67],"case":[70],"of":[71,82,159],"intrinsically":[78],"larger":[79],"than":[80],"that":[81,135],"A":[88],"polarity":[89],"navigator":[90],"embedded":[92],"filter":[97],"to":[98],"improve":[99],"linearity":[101],"at":[102,152],"turning-around":[105],"points":[106],"(TAPs).":[107],"Fabricated":[108],"28-nm":[111],"complementary":[112],"metal\u2013oxide\u2013semiconductor":[113],"(CMOS)":[114],"technology,":[115],"consumes":[119],"23":[120],"mW":[121],"1-V":[124],"power":[125],"supply":[126],"occupies":[128],"0.31":[129],"mm2.":[130],"The":[131],"measurement":[132],"results":[133],"indicate":[134],"can":[139],"generate":[140],"precise":[142],"triangular":[143],"2.27-GHz":[146],"bandwidth":[147],"(BW)":[148],"18.2-$\\mu":[150],"\\text{s}$period":[151],"12.5":[153],"GHz.":[154],"To":[155],"best":[157],"knowledge":[158],"authors,":[161],"work":[163],"demonstrates":[164],"widest":[166],"normalized":[167],"Chirp-bandwidth":[168],"fastest":[171],"rate":[173],"simultaneously.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}