{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201131231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","title":"A 14-nm Ultra-Low Jitter Fractional-<i>N</i> PLL Using a DTC Range Reduction Technique and a Reconfigurable Dual-Core VCO","display_name":"A 14-nm Ultra-Low Jitter Fractional-<i>N</i> PLL Using a DTC Range Reduction Technique and a Reconfigurable Dual-Core VCO","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201131231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","mag":"3201131231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023144660","display_name":"Wanghua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-5294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanghua Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-5294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067938962","display_name":"Chih-Wei Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-0955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Wei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028252345","display_name":"Chengkai Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-2128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengkai Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-2128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028741844","display_name":"Pei-Yuan Chiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yuan Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333507","display_name":"Lei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-8936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039886489","display_name":"Pak-Kim Lau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pak-Kim Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003566920","display_name":"Zhanjun Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-6675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanjun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027720323","display_name":"Sang Won Son","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Won Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Semiconductor, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003902642","display_name":"Thomas Byunghak Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Byunghak Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong-si, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-6491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023144660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98027178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"12","first_page":"3756","last_page":"3767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.837550699710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7572469115257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6376997828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5939345359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4709877669811249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4393925964832306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4359331727027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3814994692802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34462544322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3049357831478119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2993623614311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20794716477394104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.837550699710846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7572469115257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6376997828483582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5939345359802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4709877669811249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4393925964832306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4359331727027893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3814994692802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34462544322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3049357831478119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2993623614311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20794716477394104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3111134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571758417","https://openalex.org/W1989376602","https://openalex.org/W1997287970","https://openalex.org/W2057759113","https://openalex.org/W2062327827","https://openalex.org/W2082211203","https://openalex.org/W2097406868","https://openalex.org/W2099064239","https://openalex.org/W2106994697","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2127063672","https://openalex.org/W2139625690","https://openalex.org/W2171035445","https://openalex.org/W2288286056","https://openalex.org/W2342426112","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2585026918","https://openalex.org/W2739998887","https://openalex.org/W2758621295","https://openalex.org/W2792383978","https://openalex.org/W2800076889","https://openalex.org/W2891924334","https://openalex.org/W2901368319","https://openalex.org/W2921886179","https://openalex.org/W2921945517","https://openalex.org/W2976833972","https://openalex.org/W2985161721","https://openalex.org/W3004354595","https://openalex.org/W3015425606","https://openalex.org/W3015520279","https://openalex.org/W3046094031","https://openalex.org/W3092293138","https://openalex.org/W3135783513","https://openalex.org/W4239240501","https://openalex.org/W4248108322","https://openalex.org/W6696526775","https://openalex.org/W6760304811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W1994021281","https://openalex.org/W3129408886","https://openalex.org/W4233090067","https://openalex.org/W2365946217","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2139484866","https://openalex.org/W2368638770","https://openalex.org/W2365449259","https://openalex.org/W2089131288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,19,36,62,95,169],"6-GHz":[4],"low-jitter":[5],"and":[6,57,73,112,173],"high":[7],"figure-of-merit":[8],"(FoM)":[9],"fractional-<inline-formula>":[10,31,82],"<tex-math":[11,32,83],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$N$":[12,33,84],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[13,34,85],"phase-locked":[14],"loop":[15],"(PLL).":[16],"It":[17,76,165],"uses":[18],"digital-to-time":[20],"converter":[21],"(DTC)-based":[22],"sampling":[23],"PLL":[24,114,124,146],"architecture.":[25],"To":[26],"achieve":[27],"ultra-low":[28],"jitter":[29,74,80,107,148],"in":[30,53,71,81,168],"mode,":[35,86,104],"phase":[37],"detector":[38],"range":[39,50],"reduction":[40],"technique":[41],"is":[42,166],"used":[43],"to":[44,91,109,119,130,160],"halve":[45],"the":[46,102,105,113,123,154,161],"required":[47],"DTC":[48,59],"delay":[49],"(DR),":[51],"resulting":[52],"lower":[54],"thermal":[55],"noise":[56],"better":[58],"linearity.":[60],"Moreover,":[61],"reconfigurable":[63],"dual-core":[64],"voltage-controlled":[65],"oscillator":[66,98],"(VCO)":[67],"provides":[68],"extra":[69],"freedom":[70],"power":[72,125],"tradeoff.":[75],"achieves":[77],"83.4-fs":[78],"rms":[79,106,147],"integrated":[87],"from":[88,117,128],"10":[89],"kHz":[90],"100":[92,151],"MHz,":[93],"with":[94],"76.8-MHz":[96],"crystal":[97],"(XO)":[99],"reference.":[100],"In":[101],"low-power":[103],"degrades":[108],"96.3":[110],"fs":[111,152],"FoM":[115],"improves":[116],"&#x2212;250.1":[118],"&#x2212;251.2":[120],"dB,":[121],"as":[122],"consumption":[126],"reduces":[127],"14.2":[129],"8.2":[131],"mW.":[132],"The":[133,145],"measured":[134],"fractional":[135],"spurs":[136],"are":[137],"less":[138],"than":[139],"&#x2212;70":[140],"dBc":[141],"for":[142],"near-integer":[143],"channels.":[144],"remains":[149],"within":[150],"across":[153],"5&#x2013;7-GHz":[155],"output":[156],"frequency":[157],"band,":[158],"thanks":[159],"digital":[162],"background":[163],"calibrations.":[164],"implemented":[167],"14-nm":[170],"FINFET":[171],"process":[172],"occupies":[174],"0.31":[175],"mm<sup>2</sup>.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}