{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194509024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","title":"An 8-Gb GDDR6X DRAM Achieving 22 Gb/s/pin With Single-Ended PAM-4 Signaling","display_name":"An 8-Gb GDDR6X DRAM Achieving 22 Gb/s/pin With Single-Ended PAM-4 Signaling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194509024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","mag":"3194509024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018307789","display_name":"Timothy M. Hollis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-206X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy M. Hollis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-206X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044792463","display_name":"Ronny Schneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronny Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061341","display_name":"M. Brox","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Brox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-3239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066606644","display_name":"Thomas Hein","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Hein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090438457","display_name":"W. Spirkl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Spirkl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046176843","display_name":"Martin Bach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Bach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052355793","display_name":"Mani Balakrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mani Balakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071979920","display_name":"Stefan Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-7835"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043195912","display_name":"Fabien Funfrock","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Funfrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082639532","display_name":"Milena Ivanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milena Ivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019663501","display_name":"Natalija Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalija Jovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056624264","display_name":"Maksim Kuzmenka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maksim Kuzmenka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032988187","display_name":"Daniel Lauber","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Lauber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020031629","display_name":"Juan Ocon-Garrido","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Ocon-Garrido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061816537","display_name":"David Ovard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11912373","display_name":"Micron (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv52296","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ovard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Technology, Inc., Boise, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079787384","display_name":"K. Peter Pfefferl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Peter Pfefferl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059730840","display_name":"Sven Piatkowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Piatkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045401101","display_name":"Gabriele Piscopo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-5720"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Piscopo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-0832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059757130","display_name":"Manfred Plan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manfred Plan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013765513","display_name":"Jens Polney","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Polney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005280657","display_name":"Jan Pottgiesser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Pottgiesser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049452130","display_name":"Stephan Rau","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Rau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103806443","display_name":"Filippo Vitale","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Vitale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102769776","display_name":"Marc Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-9668"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-9668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064452204","display_name":"Marcos Alvarez-Gonzalez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos Alvarez-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083359704","display_name":"Cristian Chetreanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Chetreanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034975765","display_name":"Andrea Sorrentino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-8950"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Sorrentino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060046028","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Weller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Weller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033826310","display_name":"Peter Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-4874"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101819291","display_name":"Michael Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-2973"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050535003","display_name":"Casto Salobrena Garcia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casto Salobrena Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andreas Schneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041264749","display_name":"Shih Nern Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163532","display_name":"Micron (Singapore)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f6fhp31","country_code":"SG","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11912373","https://openalex.org/I4210163532"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih Nern Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Micron Semiconductor Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-0635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Micron Semiconductor Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163532"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":33,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018307789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11912373"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91895078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"224","last_page":"235"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.8804610967636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6237379312515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-random-access-memory","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","score":0.5938418507575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5703203678131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5131650567054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.484282910823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43975135684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4319138824939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42110469937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.35875970125198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1793327033519745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17705589532852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.17425695061683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16740867495536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15250656008720398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.8804610967636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6237379312515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118702147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189396","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.5938418507575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5703203678131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5131650567054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.484282910823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43975135684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4319138824939728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42110469937324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.35875970125198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1793327033519745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17705589532852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.17425695061683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16740867495536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15250656008720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3104093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021025743","https://openalex.org/W2080039529","https://openalex.org/W2343098678","https://openalex.org/W2593688479","https://openalex.org/W2791561716","https://openalex.org/W2793439489","https://openalex.org/W2804767815","https://openalex.org/W2922008269","https://openalex.org/W2949171700","https://openalex.org/W3015675899","https://openalex.org/W3043373922","https://openalex.org/W3048475028","https://openalex.org/W3116643975","https://openalex.org/W3134809009","https://openalex.org/W3135598075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127001124","https://openalex.org/W2518930778","https://openalex.org/W2979599569","https://openalex.org/W3007039213","https://openalex.org/W3094611732","https://openalex.org/W3142149729","https://openalex.org/W2950004582","https://openalex.org/W3009022466","https://openalex.org/W2533585248","https://openalex.org/W2127643145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Demand":[0],"for":[1],"dynamic":[2],"random":[3],"access":[4],"memory":[5,34,60],"(DRAM)":[6],"bandwidth":[7,33],"has":[8],"outpaced":[9],"DRAM":[10],"transistor":[11],"performance.":[12],"Given":[13],"the":[14,49,58,64,79],"options":[15],"of":[16,51,88],"major":[17],"process":[18],"investment":[19],"to":[20,70],"scale":[21],"beyond":[22],"sixth-generation":[23],"graphics":[24],"double-data-rate":[25],"(GDDR6)":[26],"or":[27],"replace":[28],"GDDR6":[29,66],"with":[30,78],"costly":[31],"high":[32],"(HBM),":[35],"this":[36],"article":[37],"presents":[38],"a":[39,84],"solution":[40],"that":[41],"simultaneously":[42],"increases":[43],"pin":[44],"and":[45,74],"energy":[46],"efficiency":[47],"through":[48],"integration":[50],"four-level":[52],"pulse":[53],"amplitude":[54],"modulation":[55],"(PAM-4)":[56],"into":[57],"single-ended":[59],"interface.":[61],"Building":[62],"upon":[63],"existing":[65],"architecture,":[67],"evolutionary":[68],"modifications":[69],"input,":[71],"output,":[72],"clocking,":[73],"data":[75,86],"path,":[76],"along":[77],"component":[80],"package":[81],"design,":[82],"enable":[83],"per-pin":[85],"rate":[87],"more":[89],"than":[90],"22":[91],"Gb/s.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}