{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134599322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","title":"11-bit Column-Parallel Single-Slope ADC With First-Step Half-Reference Ramping Scheme for High-Speed CMOS Image Sensors","display_name":"11-bit Column-Parallel Single-Slope ADC With First-Step Half-Reference Ramping Scheme for High-Speed CMOS Image Sensors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134599322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","mag":"3134599322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065415678","display_name":"Hyeon\u2010June Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyeon-June Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kangwon National University, Samcheock, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-5811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kangwon National University, Samcheock, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065415678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.968732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"7","first_page":"2132","last_page":"2141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6940323710441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6319328546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5768546462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5672135949134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-number-of-bits","display_name":"Effective number of bits","score":0.5312953591346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5091540217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.4798412024974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.474230021238327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4501965045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.44646430015563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.4419771134853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43166887760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.424385666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3834149241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3576619625091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.311790406703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.27052372694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2142261564731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20963242650032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18280747532844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17875531315803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09610965847969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07274556159973145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6940323710441589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6319328546524048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5768546462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5672135949134827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505579","display_name":"Effective number of bits","level":3,"score":0.5312953591346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5091540217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.4798412024974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.474230021238327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4501965045928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.44646430015563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.4419771134853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43166887760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.424385666847229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3834149241447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3576619625091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.311790406703949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27052372694015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2142261564731598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20963242650032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18280747532844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17875531315803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09610965847969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07274556159973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3059909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4191784977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1I1A3074020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321248","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594546823","https://openalex.org/W1503479382","https://openalex.org/W1519167707","https://openalex.org/W1981612049","https://openalex.org/W1996665032","https://openalex.org/W2015041420","https://openalex.org/W2053943475","https://openalex.org/W2098263420","https://openalex.org/W2113025650","https://openalex.org/W2134145839","https://openalex.org/W2136416972","https://openalex.org/W2145158355","https://openalex.org/W2150423223","https://openalex.org/W2167115535","https://openalex.org/W2175009324","https://openalex.org/W2401002615","https://openalex.org/W2479614166","https://openalex.org/W2486080740","https://openalex.org/W2588264268","https://openalex.org/W2593654060","https://openalex.org/W2734378573","https://openalex.org/W2790617964","https://openalex.org/W2793999760","https://openalex.org/W2801260409","https://openalex.org/W2956523113","https://openalex.org/W2993883558","https://openalex.org/W2996765167","https://openalex.org/W3012438093","https://openalex.org/W3043154785","https://openalex.org/W3208441709","https://openalex.org/W6645664700","https://openalex.org/W6663899772","https://openalex.org/W6781132224","https://openalex.org/W6983582292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914701507","https://openalex.org/W2905521207","https://openalex.org/W2168717468","https://openalex.org/W2161345192","https://openalex.org/W3156142317","https://openalex.org/W2783221760","https://openalex.org/W4292071990","https://openalex.org/W3216962587","https://openalex.org/W169064491","https://openalex.org/W4224994410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,113,135],"first-step":[1],"half-reference":[2],"ramping":[3],"(FHR)":[4],"readout":[5,22,57,167,172],"scheme":[6,23,58,79,102,185],"is":[7,80],"presented":[8],"in":[9,67,124],"this":[10],"study":[11],"for":[12,165,171],"high":[13],"frame":[14,137],"rate":[15,138],"CMOS":[16],"image":[17],"sensors":[18],"(CISs).":[19],"The":[20,99,194],"proposed":[21,55,78,100,183],"enhances":[24],"the":[25,42,50,54,61,68,73,77,84,92,96,107,110,177,182,187,198],"conversion":[26,45,65,190],"speed":[27],"of":[28,63,95,109,139,200,203],"a":[29,37,117,125,131,145,151],"single-slope":[30],"(SS)":[31],"analog-to-digital":[32],"converter":[33],"(ADC)":[34],"by":[35,192],"applying":[36],"binary-weighted":[38],"searching":[39],"algorithm":[40],"at":[41],"first":[43],"A/D":[44,64,189],"attempt.":[46],"By":[47],"effectively":[48],"reducing":[49],"reference":[51],"signal":[52],"range,":[53],"FHR":[56,101,184],"can":[59],"reduce":[60],"number":[62],"steps":[66],"SS":[69,86,97,120,180],"ADC":[70,74,87,111,121],"while":[71],"maintaining":[72],"performance.":[75],"Furthermore,":[76],"reversible":[81],"to":[82,150],"operate":[83],"conventional":[85,178],"algorithm,":[88],"thus":[89],"it":[90],"preserves":[91],"structural":[93],"advantages":[94],"ADC.":[98],"becomes":[103],"more":[104],"effective":[105],"as":[106],"bit-depth":[108],"increases.":[112],"prototype":[114,195],"CIS":[115,128,196],"with":[116,130,144,176],"column-parallel":[118],"11-bit":[119,179],"was":[122,142,159],"fabricated":[123],"0.11-\u03bcm":[126],"1P4M":[127],"process":[129],"2.9-\u03bcm":[132],"pixel":[133,147,154,166],"pitch.":[134],"maximum":[136],"570":[140],"frames/s":[141],"achieved":[143],"1024\u00d7240":[146],"resolution,":[148],"corresponding":[149],"140.08":[152],"Mp/s":[153],"rate.":[155],"Total":[156],"power":[157],"consumption":[158],"57.2":[160],"mW":[161],"under":[162],"2.8":[163],"V":[164,170],"and":[168,210],"1.8":[169],"circuitry.":[173],"When":[174],"compared":[175],"ADC,":[181],"shortens":[186],"total":[188],"time":[191],"38.4%.":[193],"demonstrated":[197],"figure":[199],"merits":[201],"(FoM)":[202],"0.84":[204],"e":[205,212],"<sup":[206,213],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[207,214],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-</sup>":[208,215],"\u00b7nJ":[209],"0.41":[211],"\u00b7nJ/step.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}