{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130866879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","title":"Redundant Crossfire: A Technique to Achieve Super-Resolution in Neurostimulator Design by Exploiting Transistor Mismatch","display_name":"Redundant Crossfire: A Technique to Achieve Super-Resolution in Neurostimulator Design by Exploiting Transistor Mismatch","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130866879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","mag":"3130866879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848312","display_name":"Anh Tuan Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anh Tuan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-4529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076917495","display_name":"Jian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-9514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-9514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019714890","display_name":"Diu Khue Luu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-3619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diu Khue Luu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-3619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023864194","display_name":"Cynthia K. Overstreet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-8422"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia K. Overstreet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nerves Inc., Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nerves Inc., Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039391072","display_name":"Jonathan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-5792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-5792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049091840","display_name":"Edward W. Keefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-9186"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward W. Keefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","Nerves Inc., Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nerves Inc., Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094921","display_name":"Zhi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8396-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fasikl Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101848312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77557633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"8","first_page":"2452","last_page":"2465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5662504434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49076423048973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4458436071872711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2781984210014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15582367777824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09946465492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09149014949798584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5662504434585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49076423048973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4458436071872711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2781984210014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15582367777824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09946465492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09149014949798584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2021.3057041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4759112934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N66001-15-C-4016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5051896896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-17-2-0060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6375097550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21-NS111214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G764373616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1845709","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309636","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/03grvy078"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971046436","https://openalex.org/W2024336262","https://openalex.org/W2029423778","https://openalex.org/W2046820813","https://openalex.org/W2066770019","https://openalex.org/W2073451535","https://openalex.org/W2081043821","https://openalex.org/W2083166398","https://openalex.org/W2101843765","https://openalex.org/W2122982148","https://openalex.org/W2124769914","https://openalex.org/W2128343916","https://openalex.org/W2134500330","https://openalex.org/W2140281076","https://openalex.org/W2155972301","https://openalex.org/W2157094999","https://openalex.org/W2159537242","https://openalex.org/W2164563113","https://openalex.org/W2289390920","https://openalex.org/W2296426322","https://openalex.org/W2531251318","https://openalex.org/W2536694018","https://openalex.org/W2542101531","https://openalex.org/W2543960085","https://openalex.org/W2566193534","https://openalex.org/W2581028476","https://openalex.org/W2745759313","https://openalex.org/W2787262884","https://openalex.org/W2800870531","https://openalex.org/W2802982959","https://openalex.org/W2891464149","https://openalex.org/W2898494002","https://openalex.org/W2902148761","https://openalex.org/W2905175426","https://openalex.org/W2909195745","https://openalex.org/W2909425830","https://openalex.org/W2963006376","https://openalex.org/W2964192320","https://openalex.org/W2972675070","https://openalex.org/W2972782891","https://openalex.org/W3093897916","https://openalex.org/W3099395389","https://openalex.org/W6696580015","https://openalex.org/W6729917553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"high-resolution":[1],"neurostimulator":[2,20,157],"is":[3,22,52,143,192,209],"the":[4,14,26,67,80,107,112,119,127,172,189,204,214],"essential":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,17,82,137,141,153,178,188,206],"many":[8],"bidirectional":[9],"neural":[10],"interfaces.":[11],"In":[12,34],"practice,":[13],"effective":[15,73,104,176],"resolution":[16,177],"fully":[18,155],"integrated":[19,156],"designs":[21],"often":[23],"hindered":[24],"by":[25,111,124],"transistor":[27,129],"mismatch,":[28],"especially":[29],"in":[30,181],"submicrometer":[31],"CMOS":[32],"processes.":[33],"this":[35,49],"article,":[36],"we":[37],"present":[38],"a":[39,90,154,161,182,197],"new":[40],"circuit":[41],"technique":[42,121],"called":[43],"redundant":[44,56,91],"crossfire":[45],"(RXF)":[46],"to":[47,70,88,193,196,212],"address":[48],"challenge.":[50],"It":[51],"derived":[53],"from":[54],"our":[55],"sensing":[57],"(RS)":[58],"framework,":[59],"which":[60],"aims":[61],"at":[62],"engineering":[63],"information":[64],"redundancy":[65],"into":[66],"system":[68],"architecture":[69],"enhance":[71],"its":[72],"resolution.":[74],"RXF":[75,142],"involves":[76],"combining":[77],"(i.e.,":[78],"crossfiring)":[79],"outputs":[81],"two":[83,168],"or":[84],"more":[85],"current":[86,100,163,170],"drivers":[87],"form":[89],"structure":[92],"that,":[93],"when":[94],"properly":[95],"configured,":[96],"can":[97],"produce":[98],"accurate":[99],"pulses":[101,208],"with":[102,131,160],"an":[103,132,175],"super-resolution":[105],"beyond":[106],"limitation":[108],"commonly":[109],"permitted":[110],"physical":[113],"constraints.":[114],"Unlike":[115],"any":[116],"previous":[117],"works,":[118],"proposed":[120],"achieves":[122,174],"high-accuracy":[123],"directly":[125],"exploiting":[126],"random":[128],"mismatch":[130,135],"excessively":[133],"large":[134],"ratio":[136],"10%\u201320%.":[138],"The":[139],"effectiveness":[140],"verified":[144],"through":[145,200],"both":[146],"Monte":[147],"Carlo":[148],"simulations":[149],"and":[150,167],"measurement":[151],"results":[152],"chip.":[158],"Equipped":[159],"5-bit":[162],"digital-to-analog":[164],"converter":[165],"(IDAC)":[166],"4-bit":[169],"multipliers,":[171],"stimulator":[173],"9.75":[179],"bits":[180],"1.1-mA":[183],"full":[184],"range.":[185],"An":[186],"application":[187],"fabricated":[190],"chip":[191],"deliver":[194],"neuro-feedback":[195],"human":[198],"amputee":[199],"peripheral":[201],"nerves":[202],"where":[203],"amplitude":[205],"stimulation":[207],"accurately":[210],"controlled":[211],"encode":[213],"tactile":[215],"response\u2019s":[216],"intensity.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}