{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120105741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","title":"A 28-nm-CMOS Based 145-GHz FMCW Radar: System, Circuits, and Characterization","display_name":"A 28-nm-CMOS Based 145-GHz FMCW Radar: System, Circuits, and Characterization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120105741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","mag":"3120105741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048571765","display_name":"Akshay Visweswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Visweswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-919X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011383128","display_name":"Kristof Vaesen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristof Vaesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023560997","display_name":"Miguel Glass\u00e9e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0471-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Glassee","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084127300","display_name":"Anirudh Kankuppe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-1193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Kankuppe","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-1193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041140995","display_name":"Siddhartha Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-2854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddhartha Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-2854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034504039","display_name":"Claude Desset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5822-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Desset","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035126109","display_name":"Thomas Gielen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Gielen","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-646X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016885070","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Bourdoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-7850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Bourdoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059069030","display_name":"Piet Wambacq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piet Wambacq","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96167443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"7","first_page":"1975","last_page":"1993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6137996315956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5219937562942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5111728310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.45985299348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4394959509372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42279157042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36491280794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34214186668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2541152834892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2305556833744049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.15671291947364807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6137996315956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5219937562942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5111728310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.45985299348831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4394959509372711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42279157042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36491280794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34214186668395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2541152834892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2305556833744049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.15671291947364807}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3041153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:152502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/a-28nmcmos-based-145ghz-fmcw-radar-system-circuits-and-characterization(6e8a26ab-d7d6-4cea-bd87-366cf5236402).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:152502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2020.3041153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:184187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G669439031","display_name":"Cyber Security for Cross Domain Reliable Dependable Automated Systems","funder_award_id":"783119","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W1483256820","https://openalex.org/W1483767054","https://openalex.org/W1488131479","https://openalex.org/W1863753389","https://openalex.org/W1975959206","https://openalex.org/W1994193852","https://openalex.org/W1997541969","https://openalex.org/W2011237213","https://openalex.org/W2015588682","https://openalex.org/W2020195524","https://openalex.org/W2034290464","https://openalex.org/W2045727797","https://openalex.org/W2056511318","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2073703261","https://openalex.org/W2091185846","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2108812909","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2111829908","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2114770002","https://openalex.org/W2137022074","https://openalex.org/W2143332543","https://openalex.org/W2146335854","https://openalex.org/W2154665277","https://openalex.org/W2158399880","https://openalex.org/W2163572477","https://openalex.org/W2169323339","https://openalex.org/W2193061887","https://openalex.org/W2290690230","https://openalex.org/W2325187736","https://openalex.org/W2325738103","https://openalex.org/W2347062219","https://openalex.org/W2396999244","https://openalex.org/W2424410299","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2502341198","https://openalex.org/W2520264874","https://openalex.org/W2536305597","https://openalex.org/W2554992148","https://openalex.org/W2779849079","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2800155998","https://openalex.org/W2804355951","https://openalex.org/W2805943659","https://openalex.org/W2898893121","https://openalex.org/W2921194923","https://openalex.org/W2921712855","https://openalex.org/W2946608165","https://openalex.org/W2952498881","https://openalex.org/W2954352570","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2972356219","https://openalex.org/W2977323268","https://openalex.org/W2988256562","https://openalex.org/W3008358862","https://openalex.org/W3016043301","https://openalex.org/W3091778880","https://openalex.org/W3092398938","https://openalex.org/W3093610014","https://openalex.org/W4211176903","https://openalex.org/W4301418813","https://openalex.org/W6629011755","https://openalex.org/W6639269799","https://openalex.org/W6653150002","https://openalex.org/W6696817895","https://openalex.org/W6760151719","https://openalex.org/W6760274699","https://openalex.org/W6776000806","https://openalex.org/W6783514883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2555581363","https://openalex.org/W2081082331","https://openalex.org/W2091887884","https://openalex.org/W3154381281","https://openalex.org/W2767592251","https://openalex.org/W3177178041","https://openalex.org/W4323793904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"frequency-modulated-continuous-wave":[3],"(FMCW)":[4],"radars":[5,33,176],"developed":[6],"for":[7],"the":[8,41,116,150,156,167,170],"detection":[9],"of":[10,18,31,45,64,71,80,98,105,126,144,152,166],"vital":[11],"signs":[12],"and":[13,29,40,43,57,75,101,118,124,173,180,188],"gestures":[14],"using":[15],"two":[16],"generations":[17],"145-GHz":[19,54],"transceivers":[20],"(TRXs)":[21],"integrated":[22],"in":[23,51,115],"28-nm":[24],"bulk":[25],"CMOS.":[26],"The":[27,108,142],"performance":[28,44,165],"limitations":[30],"high-frequency":[32],"are":[34,49],"quantified":[35],"with":[36,184],"a":[37,68,76,87,102,139],"system-level":[38],"study,":[39],"design":[42],"individual":[46],"circuit":[47],"blocks":[48],"presented":[50],"detail.":[52],"A":[53,132],"center":[55],"frequency":[56,111,158],"radar":[58],"operation":[59,85],"over":[60,86],"an":[61,94],"RF":[62],"bandwidth":[63],"10":[65],"GHz":[66],"yield":[67],"displacement":[69],"responsivity":[70],"2":[72],"\u03c0":[73],"rad/mm":[74],"windowed":[77],"range":[78,90],"resolution":[79],"30":[81],"mm,":[82],"respectively.":[83],"Radar":[84],"0.1-7":[88],"m":[89],"is":[91],"enabled":[92],"by":[93,113],"effective-isotropic":[95],"radiated":[96],"power":[97],"11.5":[99],"dBm":[100],"noise":[103],"figure":[104],"8":[106],"dB.":[107],"ICs":[109],"feature":[110],"multiplication":[112],"9":[114],"transmit":[117],"receive":[119],"paths,":[120],"sub-arrayed":[121],"dipole":[122],"antennas,":[123],"neutralization":[125],"TX-RX":[127],"leakage":[128],"via":[129],"delay":[130],"control.":[131],"single":[133],"TRX":[134],"dissipates":[135],"500":[136],"mW":[137],"from":[138],"0.9-/1.8-V":[140],"drive.":[141],"use":[143],"fast":[145],"chirps":[146],"(5-30-":[147],"\u03bcs)":[148],"mitigates":[149],"effect":[151],"1/":[153],"f-noise":[154],"at":[155],"intermediate":[157],"(IF).":[159],"Extensive":[160],"characterization":[161],"results":[162],"showcase":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"TRXs,":[168],"while":[169],"code-domain":[171],"multiple-input":[172],"multiple-output":[174],"(MIMO)":[175],"(":[177],"1":[178],"\u00d74":[179],"4":[181],"\u00d74)":[182],"built":[183],"them":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"vital-sign":[187],"gesture":[189],"detections.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}