{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112161846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","title":"A Four-Element 500-MHz 40-mW 6-bit ADC-Enabled Time-Domain Spatial Signal Processor","display_name":"A Four-Element 500-MHz 40-mW 6-bit ADC-Enabled Time-Domain Spatial Signal Processor","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112161846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","mag":"3112161846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043213695","display_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-8048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054523682","display_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043213695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73665841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"6","first_page":"1784","last_page":"1794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-time-delay","display_name":"True time delay","score":0.629766583442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.6116948127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5998230576515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5996190905570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5348649621009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5007295608520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.46189084649086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4600951075553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.44944220781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4442334771156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4363405704498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4124910831451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3517869710922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30426231026649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2048933506011963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.629766583442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.6116948127746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5998230576515198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5996190905570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5348649621009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5007295608520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.46189084649086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4600951075553894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.44944220781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4442334771156311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4363405704498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4124910831451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3517869710922241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30426231026649475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2048933506011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3040702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817142843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1705026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3595686219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1944688","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595367758","https://openalex.org/W1987933064","https://openalex.org/W2016619802","https://openalex.org/W2017013043","https://openalex.org/W2113320140","https://openalex.org/W2120935131","https://openalex.org/W2129731888","https://openalex.org/W2166268103","https://openalex.org/W2171846997","https://openalex.org/W2171852857","https://openalex.org/W2492580272","https://openalex.org/W2518088509","https://openalex.org/W2523875698","https://openalex.org/W2582332952","https://openalex.org/W2613992362","https://openalex.org/W2765671503","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W2912095155","https://openalex.org/W2913917836","https://openalex.org/W2922435313","https://openalex.org/W2937537662","https://openalex.org/W2964745453","https://openalex.org/W2982250226","https://openalex.org/W2997542838","https://openalex.org/W3015540238","https://openalex.org/W3016242505","https://openalex.org/W3018998204","https://openalex.org/W4205279868","https://openalex.org/W4234998032","https://openalex.org/W6775304697","https://openalex.org/W6776238557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763395582","https://openalex.org/W1572523746","https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W2147393262","https://openalex.org/W1583278841","https://openalex.org/W903647768","https://openalex.org/W2347893079","https://openalex.org/W2367105802","https://openalex.org/W4312971258","https://openalex.org/W1969131519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Next-generation":[0],"wireless":[1],"communication":[2],"requires":[3],"phased-array":[4,64],"systems":[5],"with":[6,45,103],"large":[7],"modulated":[8,37],"bandwidths":[9],"and":[10,50,98],"high":[11],"energy":[12],"efficiency,":[13],"ensuring":[14],"Gb/s":[15],"data":[16],"communication.":[17],"Conventional":[18],"phase-shifter-based":[19],"arrays":[20],"result":[21],"in":[22,28,79,113],"frequency-dependent":[23],"processing":[24],"and,":[25],"therefore,":[26],"beam-squinting":[27],"an":[29],"array.":[30],"This":[31,59],"work":[32],"demonstrates":[33],"a":[34,70,104],"four-element":[35],"500-MHz":[36],"bandwidth":[38],"true-time-delay-based":[39],"ADC-enabled":[40],"spatial":[41],"signal":[42],"processor":[43,60],"(SSP)":[44],"frequency-uniform":[46],"beamforming,":[47],"wideband":[48],"beam-nulling,":[49],"multiple":[51],"independent":[52],"interference":[53],"filterings":[54],"using":[55],"the":[56,80],"Kronecker":[57],"decomposition.":[58],"can":[61],"augment":[62],"conventional":[63],"RF":[65],"front":[66],"ends":[67],"to":[68],"implement":[69],"complete":[71],"antenna-to-digital":[72],"solution.":[73],"The":[74],"proposed":[75],"baseband":[76],"delay-compensating":[77],"solution":[78],"SSP":[81],"uses":[82],"scalable":[83],"time-domain":[84],"circuits":[85],"comprising":[86],"of":[87,107],"time-interleaved":[88],"voltage-to-time":[89],"converters":[90,97],"followed":[91],"by":[92],"asynchronous":[93],"6-bit":[94],"pipeline":[95],"time-to-digital":[96],"consumes":[99],"only":[100],"40":[101],"mW":[102],"total":[105],"area":[106],"0.31":[108],"mm":[109],"<sup":[110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[111],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[112],"65-nm":[114],"CMOS":[115],"technology.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}