{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112654634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","title":"A MM-Wave Current-Mode Inverse Outphasing Transmitter Front-End: A Circuit Duality of Conventional Voltage-Mode Outphasing","display_name":"A MM-Wave Current-Mode Inverse Outphasing Transmitter Front-End: A Circuit Duality of Conventional Voltage-Mode Outphasing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112654634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","mag":"3112654634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045247794","display_name":"Sensen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sensen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Standards and Mobility Innovation (SMI) Lab, Samsung Research America, Plano, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-6237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Standards and Mobility Innovation (SMI) Lab, Samsung Research America, Plano, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082821212","display_name":"Min-Yu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-7131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","Speedlink Technology, Cupertino, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-7131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speedlink Technology, Cupertino, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002205020","display_name":"Doohwan Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-8164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doohwan Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3852-8164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073784028","display_name":"Tzu-Yuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-0282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Yuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646268","display_name":"Hua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-5505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045247794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88253678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"6","first_page":"1732","last_page":"1744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6458097696304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.555476188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5323774218559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4698585271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.4628113806247711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascode","display_name":"Cascode","score":0.41350698471069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-load","display_name":"Active load","score":0.41194555163383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4097777307033539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37931081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3477923274040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.33650097250938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.25270771980285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.24920755624771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16801169514656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10117289423942566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6458097696304321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.555476188659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5323774218559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4698585271835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.4628113806247711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1735017","display_name":"Cascode","level":4,"score":0.41350698471069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29760048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677562","display_name":"Active load","level":4,"score":0.41194555163383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4097777307033539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37931081652641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3477923274040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.33650097250938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.25270771980285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.24920755624771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16801169514656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10117289423942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6982276412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D18AP00052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532344182","https://openalex.org/W2015709883","https://openalex.org/W2050252524","https://openalex.org/W2052598708","https://openalex.org/W2082595613","https://openalex.org/W2101906821","https://openalex.org/W2113511373","https://openalex.org/W2116062693","https://openalex.org/W2117192612","https://openalex.org/W2163330071","https://openalex.org/W2169249318","https://openalex.org/W2185103564","https://openalex.org/W2241084566","https://openalex.org/W2480061537","https://openalex.org/W2547324603","https://openalex.org/W2552534805","https://openalex.org/W2553079792","https://openalex.org/W2556405260","https://openalex.org/W2607095088","https://openalex.org/W2767981088","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W2779659573","https://openalex.org/W2790457714","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2793400818","https://openalex.org/W2793551581","https://openalex.org/W2794244534","https://openalex.org/W2811492602","https://openalex.org/W2885675392","https://openalex.org/W2885738085","https://openalex.org/W2902777538","https://openalex.org/W2903604768","https://openalex.org/W2919177939","https://openalex.org/W2919725817","https://openalex.org/W2922196175","https://openalex.org/W2922322815","https://openalex.org/W2937125607","https://openalex.org/W2941309668","https://openalex.org/W2944672502","https://openalex.org/W2946117072","https://openalex.org/W2971652267","https://openalex.org/W2972144007","https://openalex.org/W2981843181","https://openalex.org/W2988844044","https://openalex.org/W3011818181","https://openalex.org/W3015324707","https://openalex.org/W3015599810","https://openalex.org/W3016229929","https://openalex.org/W3024988100","https://openalex.org/W3184810840","https://openalex.org/W6749855702","https://openalex.org/W6753851736","https://openalex.org/W7057383043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045401036","https://openalex.org/W2063787070","https://openalex.org/W2030387700","https://openalex.org/W2002166629","https://openalex.org/W3200945766","https://openalex.org/W2805517937","https://openalex.org/W1581613055","https://openalex.org/W3127373791","https://openalex.org/W4387383959","https://openalex.org/W2087647467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,20],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,61,88,141,157,161],"millimeter-wave":[4],"(mm-wave)":[5],"transmitter":[6],"(TX)":[7],"front-end":[8,164],"employing":[9],"new":[11],"inverse":[12,63,107,134,148,171,204],"outphasing":[13,25,64,83,105,108,118,135,146,149,172,205],"architecture":[14,65],"with":[15,75,184,211],"current-mode":[16,62,68],"power":[17,94,183,198],"amplifiers":[18],"(PAs).":[19],"study":[21],"on":[22,31,169],"the":[23,80,104,111,123,126,130,133,170,175,177,202,220,229],"conventional":[24,81,127],"operation":[26],"reveals":[27],"its":[28,32],"strong":[29],"dependence":[30],"voltage-mode":[33],"driving":[34,69],"source":[35],"assumption":[36],"and":[37,46,71,91,106,117,129,147,227],"thus":[38],"exhibits":[39,191],"major":[40],"limitations":[41,124],"at":[42,196],"mm-wave,":[43],"since":[44],"efficient":[45],"linear":[47,77],"mm-wave":[48,76],"PAs":[49],"often":[50],"behave":[51],"as":[52],"current":[53],"sources.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"this":[57],"challenge,":[58],"we":[59,159],"propose":[60],"that":[66,219],"employs":[67],"sources":[70],"is":[72,85],"inherently":[73],"compatible":[74],"PAs.":[78],"Moreover,":[79],"series":[82],"combiner":[84],"replaced":[86],"by":[87],"much":[89],"simpler":[90],"low-loss":[92],"parallel":[93],"combining":[95],"scheme.":[96],"Closed-form":[97],"mathematical":[98],"expressions":[99],"are":[100],"derived":[101],"for":[102],"both":[103],"operations,":[109],"including":[110],"active":[112,206],"load":[113,207],"modulation,":[114],"Chireix":[115],"compensations,":[116],"efficiency,":[119],"which":[120,151],"fundamentally":[121],"explains":[122],"of":[125,132],"approach":[128],"advantages":[131],"architecture.":[136,173],"Further":[137],"theoretical":[138],"analysis":[139],"discovers":[140],"circuit":[142,154],"duality":[143],"relationship":[144],"between":[145],"architectures,":[150],"offers":[152],"unique":[153],"intuitions.":[155],"As":[156],"proof-of-concept,":[158],"implement":[160],"28-GHz":[162],"TX":[163,178,190,221],"using":[165],"cascode":[166],"PAs,":[167],"based":[168],"In":[174],"measurement,":[176],"achieves":[179,228],"22.7-dBm":[180],"saturated":[181],"output":[182],"42.6%":[185],"PA":[186,193],"drain":[187],"efficiency.":[188],"The":[189],"effective":[192],"efficiency":[194],"enhancement":[195],"6-dB":[197],"back-off":[199],"(PBO),":[200],"validating":[201],"high-efficiency":[203],"modulation.":[208],"Modulation":[209],"tests":[210],"high-order":[212],"quadrature":[213],"amplitude":[214],"modulation":[215,231],"(QAM)":[216],"signals":[217,226],"demonstrate":[218],"supports":[222],">10-Gb/s":[223],"high-fidelity":[224],"complex":[225],"state-of-the-art":[230],"performance.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}