{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107847738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","title":"A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Voltage-Mode Transmitter With Four-Tap Two-Step FFE and Automatic Phase Alignment Techniques in 40-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 112-Gb/s PAM-4 Voltage-Mode Transmitter With Four-Tap Two-Step FFE and Automatic Phase Alignment Techniques in 40-nm CMOS","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107847738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","mag":"3107847738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017157916","display_name":"Pen-Jui Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-5746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pen-Jui Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020499040","display_name":"Yan-Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-1685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053084551","display_name":"Sheng-Tsung Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Tsung Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054062487","display_name":"Hsiang-En Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-En Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017157916"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5541,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8344278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"7","first_page":"2123","last_page":"2131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.690782368183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6631126999855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5672739744186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4859143793582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.46372172236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41546154022216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30642998218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2470133900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.2093588411808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10002350807189941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.690782368183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6631126999855042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5672739744186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4859143793582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.46372172236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41546154022216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30642998218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2470133900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.2093588411808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10002350807189941}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3038818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G841476427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST109-2636-E-155-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088083354","https://openalex.org/W2132542265","https://openalex.org/W2291503793","https://openalex.org/W2475869506","https://openalex.org/W2594123976","https://openalex.org/W2728352738","https://openalex.org/W2790928636","https://openalex.org/W2897737610","https://openalex.org/W2898179143","https://openalex.org/W2898696738","https://openalex.org/W2899336955","https://openalex.org/W2920852491","https://openalex.org/W2976845302","https://openalex.org/W3000059814","https://openalex.org/W3015421532","https://openalex.org/W3015749170","https://openalex.org/W3021718709","https://openalex.org/W6672659195","https://openalex.org/W6697048078","https://openalex.org/W6734330904","https://openalex.org/W6749397863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323268213","https://openalex.org/W2101047079","https://openalex.org/W4242128654","https://openalex.org/W3197720232","https://openalex.org/W2152549830","https://openalex.org/W1993744883","https://openalex.org/W2388387398","https://openalex.org/W2157521655","https://openalex.org/W2056069885","https://openalex.org/W2109445684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,14,104,127,139],"112-Gb/s":[4],"four-level":[5],"pulse":[6],"amplitude":[7],"modulation":[8],"(PAM-4)":[9],"voltage-mode":[10,27],"transmitter":[11],"(TX)":[12],"with":[13,134,142],"four-tap":[15],"feed-forward":[16],"equalizer":[17],"(FFE).":[18],"A":[19],"two-step":[20],"coarse-/fine-tuning":[21],"technique":[22,97],"is":[23,71],"adopted":[24],"in":[25,45,120],"the":[26,31,42,46,56,60,64,80,100,108,123],"FFE":[28],"to":[29,73,98],"reduce":[30],"number":[32],"of":[33,107],"front-end":[34],"slices":[35],"while":[36],"maintaining":[37],"sufficient":[38],"resolution.":[39],"In":[40],"addition,":[41],"device":[43],"sizes":[44],"preceding":[47],"multiplexer":[48],"(MUX)":[49],"and":[50,62,78,85,118],"predriver":[51],"can":[52,111],"be":[53,112],"enlarged,":[54],"relaxing":[55],"self-loading":[57],"effect":[58],"from":[59],"layout":[61],"improving":[63],"bandwidth.":[65],"An":[66],"analog":[67],"impedance":[68,76],"control":[69],"loop":[70],"applied":[72],"achieve":[74],"output":[75],"matching":[77],"maintain":[79],"corresponding":[81],"weighting":[82],"between":[83],"coarse-":[84],"fine-FFE":[86],"stages.":[87],"The":[88],"quarter-rate":[89],"4:1":[90],"MUX":[91],"incorporates":[92],"an":[93],"automatic":[94],"phase":[95],"alignment":[96],"eliminate":[99],"timing":[101],"constraint.":[102],"As":[103],"result,":[105],"all":[106],"retiming":[109],"latches":[110],"removed,":[113],"saving":[114],"significant":[115],"power.":[116],"Designed":[117],"fabricated":[119],"40-nm":[121],"CMOS,":[122],"PAM-4":[124],"TX":[125],"demonstrates":[126],"high-quality":[128],"eye":[129],"diagram":[130],"at":[131],"112":[132],"Gb/s":[133],"3.89-pJ/b":[135],"energy":[136],"efficiency":[137],"under":[138],"chip-on-board":[140],"assembly":[141],"5.5-dB":[143],"Nyquist":[144],"loss.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
