{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083492521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","title":"A 64-Pixel 0.42-THz Source SoC With Spatial Modulation Diversity for Computational Imaging","display_name":"A 64-Pixel 0.42-THz Source SoC With Spatial Modulation Diversity for Computational Imaging","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083492521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","mag":"3083492521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052434266","display_name":"Ritesh Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritesh Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-1823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047492744","display_name":"Philipp Hillger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-7405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Hillger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8677-7405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053197456","display_name":"Eamal Ashna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-2351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eamal Ashna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-2351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018075393","display_name":"Janusz Grzyb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-4918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janusz Grzyb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-4918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029037175","display_name":"Ullrich R. Pfeiffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-7879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167360494","display_name":"University of Wuppertal","ror":"https://ror.org/00613ak93","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ullrich R. Pfeiffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-7879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for High-Frequency and Communication Technology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167360494"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92271462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"12","first_page":"3281","last_page":"3293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.596522867679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5381885766983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5084185004234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.48012757301330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45123064517974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.43051111698150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39272183179855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3509862422943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3194853961467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26342007517814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1540060043334961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.596522867679596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5381885766983032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5084185004234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.48012757301330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45123064517974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.43051111698150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39272183179855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3509862422943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3194853961467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26342007517814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1540060043334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3018819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491913197","https://openalex.org/W1600059800","https://openalex.org/W1967158281","https://openalex.org/W1967993177","https://openalex.org/W1987776763","https://openalex.org/W1989490039","https://openalex.org/W1993039222","https://openalex.org/W1994297984","https://openalex.org/W2004343110","https://openalex.org/W2020309088","https://openalex.org/W2026319297","https://openalex.org/W2035682670","https://openalex.org/W2056874317","https://openalex.org/W2058989756","https://openalex.org/W2062097590","https://openalex.org/W2090996823","https://openalex.org/W2113793579","https://openalex.org/W2122548617","https://openalex.org/W2122765670","https://openalex.org/W2125834071","https://openalex.org/W2159985059","https://openalex.org/W2177041154","https://openalex.org/W2476213787","https://openalex.org/W2511178806","https://openalex.org/W2520264874","https://openalex.org/W2734740209","https://openalex.org/W2782812126","https://openalex.org/W2900495324","https://openalex.org/W2904145608","https://openalex.org/W2951870085","https://openalex.org/W2969774384","https://openalex.org/W2971421503","https://openalex.org/W3015426490","https://openalex.org/W3015662525","https://openalex.org/W4230621638","https://openalex.org/W6776038877","https://openalex.org/W6776050429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894","https://openalex.org/W2105973023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,177],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,15,48,54,90,132,145,173,198],"terahertz":[4],"(THz)":[5],"source":[6,43],"system-on-a-chip":[7],"(SoC)":[8],"specifically":[9],"designed":[10],"for":[11,124,138,149],"computational":[12],"imaging":[13,227],"with":[14,83,119,165,214],"single-pixel":[16],"camera":[17],"(SPC).":[18],"The":[19,63,87,112,127,193],"SoC":[20,88,194],"consists":[21],"of":[22,28,47,96,159,229,237],"an":[23,58,150,166,220],"8":[24,26,200,202],"\u00d7":[25,201],"array":[27,69],"independent,":[29],"frequency-unlocked":[30],"THz":[31,64,135,205],"sources":[32],"that":[33,207],"together":[34],"radiate":[35],"maximum":[36],"10.3-dBm":[37],"power":[38,65,154],"at":[39,106,189,211],"0.42":[40],"THz.":[41],"Each":[42],"pixel":[44,142],"is":[45],"composed":[46],"fundamental":[49],"Colpitts":[50],"oscillator,":[51],"followed":[52],"by":[53,75,185],"common-collector":[55],"doubler":[56],"and":[57,103,156,223],"on-chip":[59],"circular":[60],"slot":[61],"antenna.":[62],"radiated":[66],"from":[67],"the":[68,77,160,190,226],"can":[70,100,115,232],"be":[71,101,116,233],"modulated":[72],"in":[73,151,197],"space":[74,93],"turning":[76],"pixels":[78],"on":[79],"or":[80],"off":[81],"individually":[82],"100%":[84],"modulation":[85,110,114,129],"depth.":[86],"integrates":[89],"dedicated":[91],"memory":[92],"where":[94],"64":[95],"such":[97,230],"spatial":[98,113],"patterns":[99],"stored":[102],"triggered":[104],"externally":[105],"up":[107],"to":[108,235],"10-MHz":[109],"rate.":[111],"additionally":[117],"multiplexed":[118],"separate":[120],"programmable":[121,164],"chopping":[122],"rates":[123],"individual":[125],"pixels.":[126],"combined":[128],"diversity":[130],"provides":[131],"highly":[133],"reconfigurable":[134],"light":[136],"projection":[137],"SPCs.":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"each":[141],"also":[143],"incorporates":[144],"built-in":[146],"power-test":[147],"(BIST)":[148],"situ":[152],"radiation":[153],"monitoring":[155],"calibration.":[157],"All":[158],"aforementioned":[161],"functions":[162],"are":[163],"integrated":[167,169],"application-specific":[168],"circuit":[170],"(ASIC)":[171],"through":[172],"standard":[174],"SPI":[175],"interface.":[176],"integration":[178],"level":[179],"readily":[180],"allows":[181],"low-cost":[182],"aperture":[183],"scaling":[184],"combining":[186],"multiple":[187],"chips":[188],"board":[191],"level.":[192],"was":[195],"applied":[196],"compact,":[199],"pixel,":[203],"silicon-only":[204],"SPC":[206],"captures":[208],"transmission-mode":[209],"images":[210],"25":[212],"frames/s":[213],"40-dB":[215],"voltage":[216],"dynamic":[217],"range.":[218],"With":[219],"appropriate":[221],"receiver":[222],"baseband":[224],"processing,":[225],"speed":[228],"SPCs":[231],"extended":[234],"thousands":[236],"frames":[238],"per":[239],"second.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
