{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043184804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","title":"A 4TX/4RX Pulsed Chirping Phased-Array Radar Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS for X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Application","display_name":"A 4TX/4RX Pulsed Chirping Phased-Array Radar Transceiver in 65-nm CMOS for X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Application","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043184804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","mag":"3043184804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026522298","display_name":"Kai Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-3701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010364024","display_name":"Liheng Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liheng Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-8709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020415885","display_name":"Ting Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-7479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-7479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016804619","display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-3831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-3831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101745545","display_name":"Yisheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-3418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057484459","display_name":"Zhongyuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-4353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029906584","display_name":"Chuanshi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-3671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanshi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-3671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102727897","display_name":"Wensong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wensong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-8335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016044907","display_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-367X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88256722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"11","first_page":"2970","last_page":"2983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.7665246725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6968305706977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.572177529335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.5556207895278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-band","display_name":"X band","score":0.5266824960708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.49920153617858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4657289385795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4561977684497833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36380118131637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3462459444999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3395204544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2871689200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.28694307804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24945709109306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24365964531898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22302836179733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21673470735549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.06351068615913391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.7665246725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6968305706977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.572177529335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.5556207895278931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99936299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190763","display_name":"X band","level":2,"score":0.5266824960708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.49920153617858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4657289385795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4561977684497833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36380118131637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3462459444999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3395204544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2871689200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.28694307804107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24945709109306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24365964531898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22302836179733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21673470735549927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.06351068615913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3005809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488131479","https://openalex.org/W1527747735","https://openalex.org/W1966636574","https://openalex.org/W1974144539","https://openalex.org/W1985249076","https://openalex.org/W2005152603","https://openalex.org/W2007833191","https://openalex.org/W2026306539","https://openalex.org/W2039409592","https://openalex.org/W2045213813","https://openalex.org/W2047033126","https://openalex.org/W2060920744","https://openalex.org/W2071673589","https://openalex.org/W2075554663","https://openalex.org/W2079393632","https://openalex.org/W2098076168","https://openalex.org/W2098507543","https://openalex.org/W2106703109","https://openalex.org/W2123509731","https://openalex.org/W2138339842","https://openalex.org/W2145149609","https://openalex.org/W2150895639","https://openalex.org/W2151703777","https://openalex.org/W2155612845","https://openalex.org/W2160121891","https://openalex.org/W2161376343","https://openalex.org/W2165365566","https://openalex.org/W2180930247","https://openalex.org/W2278849018","https://openalex.org/W2502341198","https://openalex.org/W2524336486","https://openalex.org/W2598074112","https://openalex.org/W2600457838","https://openalex.org/W2619168741","https://openalex.org/W2768887839","https://openalex.org/W2790284972","https://openalex.org/W2799004375","https://openalex.org/W2802275715","https://openalex.org/W2972291883","https://openalex.org/W3141874720","https://openalex.org/W3147779215","https://openalex.org/W4242052077","https://openalex.org/W6676125871","https://openalex.org/W6748550849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540140465","https://openalex.org/W2091422131","https://openalex.org/W4313066462","https://openalex.org/W2516848899","https://openalex.org/W2167226100","https://openalex.org/W3166755107","https://openalex.org/W3080374308","https://openalex.org/W4232396889","https://openalex.org/W2119144913","https://openalex.org/W3043184804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"pulsed":[1],"chirping":[2],"phased-array":[3,16,163,228],"transceiver":[4],"(TRX)":[5],"is":[6,18,32,68,79,151,167,198,203],"demonstrated":[7,168],"for":[8,104,119,232],"X-band":[9],"synthetic":[10],"aperture":[11],"radar":[12,30,164,229],"(SAR)":[13],"application.":[14],"The":[15,28,133,161],"TRX":[17,31,115,165,230],"implemented":[19],"on":[20,207],"a":[21,57,71,110,123,155,194],"single":[22],"CMOS":[23,112],"chip":[24,166,231],"with":[25,47,56,129,169,193],"beamsteering/beamforming":[26,189],"capabilities.":[27],"chip-scale":[29],"composed":[33],"of":[34,87,158,174,177,196,225],"four":[35,39],"transmitters":[36],"(TXs)":[37],"and":[38,91,146,182,215],"receivers":[40],"(RXs)":[41],"operating":[42],"at":[43,122,154],"10-GHz":[44],"center":[45],"frequency":[46,99],"1-GHz":[48],"bandwidth":[49],"(BW).":[50],"To":[51],"achieve":[52],"the":[53,61,66,83,88,92,114,138,147,170,209,213,216,220,223,226,233],"wideband":[54],"beamsteering":[55,211],"fine":[58,105],"angle":[59],"step,":[60],"two-stage":[62,210],"delay":[63,86],"control":[64,82],"in":[65,97,109,212,219],"TX":[67],"proposed,":[69],"where":[70],"delay-locked":[72],"loop":[73],"(DLL)":[74],"-based":[75],"multi-phase":[76],"synthesizer":[77],"(MPS)":[78],"used":[80,103],"to":[81,191],"coarse":[84],"true-time":[85],"baseband":[89],"chirp,":[90],"active":[93],"phase":[94,106,148],"shifters":[95],"(PS)":[96],"radio":[98],"(RF)":[100],"path":[101],"are":[102],"tuning.":[107],"Fabricated":[108],"65-nm":[111],"technology,":[113],"consumes":[116],"228":[117],"mW":[118],"each":[120],"channel":[121],"1.2-V":[124],"supply,":[125],"delivering":[126],"~10.2-dBm":[127],"power":[128],"<;":[130],"1.3-dB":[131],"ripple.":[132],"delay-line":[134],"test":[135],"shows":[136],"that":[137,188],"dechirped":[139],"signal":[140],"achieves":[141],"-13-dB":[142],"peak-to-sidelobe":[143],"ratio":[144],"(PSLR)":[145],"coherence":[149],"error":[150],"within":[152],"\u00b11.2\u00b0":[153],"chirp":[156],"rate":[157],"1":[159],"MHz/\u03bcs.":[160],"prototype":[162,227],"antenna":[171],"arrays":[172],"consisting":[173],"Vivaldi":[175],"antennas":[176],"8-dBi":[178],"gain,":[179],"6-GHz":[180],"BW,":[181],"6-cm":[183],"pitch":[184],"distance.":[185],"Experiments":[186],"indicate":[187],"up":[190],"\u00b160\u00b0":[192],"step":[195],"~1\u00b0":[197],"achieved.":[199],"SAR":[200,234],"imaging":[201,235],"experiment":[202],"carried":[204],"out":[205],"based":[206],"both":[208],"TXs":[214],"digital":[217],"beamforming":[218],"RXs,":[221],"proving":[222],"capability":[224],"applications.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
