{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3028280451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","title":"Analysis of a 28-nm CMOS Fast-Lock Bang-Bang Digital PLL With 220-fs RMS Jitter for Millimeter-Wave Communication","display_name":"Analysis of a 28-nm CMOS Fast-Lock Bang-Bang Digital PLL With 220-fs RMS Jitter for Millimeter-Wave Communication","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3028280451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","mag":"3028280451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007567968","display_name":"Cheng-Hsueh Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-0892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hsueh Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-0892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021009516","display_name":"Zhiwei Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-2153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-2153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078244716","display_name":"Federico Pepe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Pepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-5775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088091971","display_name":"Giovanni Mangraviti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-7205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Mangraviti","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-7205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042750271","display_name":"Jan Craninckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Craninckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059069030","display_name":"Piet Wambacq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piet Wambacq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007567968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90146308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"7","first_page":"1854","last_page":"1863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.893430769443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7221936583518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.6762974262237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6412429213523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.55328369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pll-multibit","display_name":"PLL multibit","score":0.5071487426757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.4750016927719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4731995761394501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4676012098789215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4481675326824188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4259776175022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4117524325847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.41162052750587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40744876861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23769515752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.214345782995224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.893430769443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7221936583518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.6762974262237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6412429213523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.55328369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77881186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7119642","display_name":"PLL multibit","level":4,"score":0.5071487426757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4750016927719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4731995761394501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4676012098789215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4481675326824188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4259776175022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4117524325847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.41162052750587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40744876861572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23769515752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.214345782995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2993717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:130702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/analysis-of-a-28nm-cmos-fastlock-bangbang-digital-pll-with-220fs-rms-jitter-for-millimeterwave-communication(da3b1082-fc44-41ad-b4c9-1f7ebabfea13).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:183630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513191284","https://openalex.org/W1976593671","https://openalex.org/W2017690880","https://openalex.org/W2096074323","https://openalex.org/W2096549014","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2108149160","https://openalex.org/W2113334364","https://openalex.org/W2140106667","https://openalex.org/W2144576157","https://openalex.org/W2290690230","https://openalex.org/W2316615363","https://openalex.org/W2586279703","https://openalex.org/W2756685138","https://openalex.org/W2770573798","https://openalex.org/W2790060412","https://openalex.org/W2795672079","https://openalex.org/W2894291793","https://openalex.org/W2896094378","https://openalex.org/W2897766837","https://openalex.org/W2910087247","https://openalex.org/W2913672486","https://openalex.org/W6674448609","https://openalex.org/W6696817895","https://openalex.org/W6754800033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W984417604","https://openalex.org/W2498262093","https://openalex.org/W1486070987","https://openalex.org/W2217043549","https://openalex.org/W1600405202","https://openalex.org/W2976219355","https://openalex.org/W2372909716","https://openalex.org/W2012676707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"analyses":[2],"and":[3,47,65,106,114,129],"demonstrates":[4],"a":[5,75,85,92,98,116,162,178,190],"22.5-27.7-GHz":[6],"fast-lock":[7],"low-phase-noise":[8],"bang-bang":[9],"digital":[10],"phase-locked":[11],"loop":[12],"(PLL)":[13],"for":[14,44,62,69,91,115],"millimeter-wave":[15],"(mm-wave)":[16],"communication.":[17],"A":[18],"discrete-time":[19],"PLL":[20,60,73,121,169],"model,":[21],"together":[22],"with":[23,84,154,161],"theoretical":[24],"transfer":[25],"functions,":[26],"gives":[27],"insight":[28],"on":[29,37,48,81],"the":[30,33,38,41,49,59,155,194],"functionality":[31],"of":[32,40,103,111,141,166,175,198,205],"automatic":[34],"bandwidth":[35,61],"control,":[36],"effect":[39],"gear-shift":[42,55,156],"algorithm":[43,56],"fast":[45],"lock":[46],"different":[50],"noise":[51,95],"contributions.":[52],"The":[53,72,120],"proposed":[54],"scales":[57],"up":[58],"faster":[63],"acquisition":[64,146],"orderly":[66],"reduces":[67],"it":[68],"jitter":[70,134],"performance.":[71],"contains":[74],"digitally":[76],"controlled":[77],"oscillator":[78],"(DCO)":[79],"based":[80],"transformer":[82],"feedback":[83],"tunable":[86],"source-bridged":[87],"capacitor,":[88],"which":[89],"allows":[90,177],"low":[93],"phase":[94],"(PN)":[96],"over":[97],"wide":[99],"tuning":[100],"range":[101],"(FoM":[102],"-184":[104],"dBc/Hz":[105],"FoM":[107],"<sub":[108],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[109,125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</sub>":[110],"-191":[112],"dBc/Hz)":[113],"fine":[117],"frequency":[118,145,163],"resolution.":[119],"occupies":[122],"0.09-mm":[123],"<sup":[124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[126],"core":[127],"area":[128],"exhibits":[130],"220":[131],"fs":[132],"rms":[133],"while":[135],"consuming":[136],"25":[137],"mW,":[138],"giving":[139],"FoMRMS":[140],"-239":[142],"dB.":[143],"Its":[144],"time":[147],"improves":[148],"from":[149],"780":[150],"to":[151,186,193],"45":[152],"\u03bcs":[153],"algorithm.":[157],"For":[158],"60-GHz":[159],"communication,":[160],"multiplication":[164],"factor":[165],"2.5,":[167],"this":[168],"covers":[170],"all":[171],"six":[172],"channels'":[173],"frequencies":[174],"IEEE-802.11ad,":[176],"transmitter":[179],"(TX)":[180],"error":[181],"vector":[182],"magnitude":[183],"(EVM)":[184],"down":[185],"-35.9":[187],"dB":[188],"assuming":[189],"TX":[191],"signal":[192],"noise-plus-distortion":[195],"ratio":[196],"(SNDR)":[197],"40":[199],"dB,":[200],"and,":[201],"thus,":[202],"is":[203],"capable":[204],"supporting":[206],"256":[207],"quadrature":[208],"amplitude":[209],"modulation":[210],"(QAM).":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}