{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015157160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","title":"Clockless, Continuous-Time Analog Correlator Using Time-Encoded Signal Processing Demonstrating Asynchronous CDMA for Wake-Up Receivers","display_name":"Clockless, Continuous-Time Analog Correlator Using Time-Encoded Signal Processing Demonstrating Asynchronous CDMA for Wake-Up Receivers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015157160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","mag":"3015157160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083675308","display_name":"Vivek Mangal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-3508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Mangal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-3508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049341354","display_name":"Peter R. Kinget","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-6394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Kinget","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-6394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79966773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"8","first_page":"2069","last_page":"2081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6520847678184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6378183364868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.585770308971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal-processing","display_name":"Analog signal processing","score":0.5838175415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.5321516394615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5083529353141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48342597484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-filter","display_name":"Matched filter","score":0.4696504473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.4635557234287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.44150274991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.415204256772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.34859514236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.31119540333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.26031821966171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22009629011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20084652304649353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6520847678184509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6378183364868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.585770308971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C379707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2328303","display_name":"Analog signal processing","level":4,"score":0.5838175415992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.5321516394615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5083529353141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48342597484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50151734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759577","display_name":"Matched filter","level":3,"score":0.4696504473686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.4635557234287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.44150274991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.415204256772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.34859514236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.31119540333747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.26031821966171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22009629011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20084652304649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2980526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6747641412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EECS 1309721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309065","funder_display_name":"Analog Devices"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309065","display_name":"Analog Devices","ror":"https://ror.org/01545pm61"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563789831","https://openalex.org/W1601164644","https://openalex.org/W1999847665","https://openalex.org/W2012293352","https://openalex.org/W2084996706","https://openalex.org/W2114648371","https://openalex.org/W2116120365","https://openalex.org/W2122758559","https://openalex.org/W2135710755","https://openalex.org/W2137321238","https://openalex.org/W2140281076","https://openalex.org/W2150798595","https://openalex.org/W2289760835","https://openalex.org/W2483583937","https://openalex.org/W2515946392","https://openalex.org/W2734928650","https://openalex.org/W2768871443","https://openalex.org/W2790278347","https://openalex.org/W2897637166","https://openalex.org/W2901916322","https://openalex.org/W2906725058","https://openalex.org/W2921250108","https://openalex.org/W2972250635","https://openalex.org/W2979948651","https://openalex.org/W2984640384","https://openalex.org/W2991072702","https://openalex.org/W6748501877","https://openalex.org/W6760029671","https://openalex.org/W6768231235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115888153","https://openalex.org/W1585429535","https://openalex.org/W203312258","https://openalex.org/W2774445564","https://openalex.org/W2105888228","https://openalex.org/W2165024594","https://openalex.org/W2115638025","https://openalex.org/W4234410744","https://openalex.org/W2103015040","https://openalex.org/W2229324318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"clockless,":[1],"continuous-time":[2],"(CT)":[3],"analog":[4,13,21,26],"correlator":[5,53],"circuit":[6],"realization":[7],"is":[8,67,97,115,131],"presented":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"time-encoded":[12,25],"signal":[14,33],"processing.":[15],"Voltage-controlled":[16],"oscillators":[17],"(VCOs)":[18],"transform":[19],"the":[20,30,70,122,125,137,144],"voltage":[22],"signals":[23,27],"into":[24],"and,":[28],"in":[29,56,69,143],"process,":[31],"perform":[32],"integration;":[34],"CT,":[35],"digital-style":[36],"delay":[37],"cells":[38],"combined":[39],"with":[40,133],"phase-frequency":[41],"detectors":[42],"followed":[43],"by":[44,99,117],"capacitive":[45],"summers":[46],"implement":[47],"a":[48,73,106],"CT":[49],"matched":[50],"filter.":[51],"The":[52,93],"prototype":[54],"designed":[55],"65-nm":[57],"CMOS-LP":[58],"technology":[59],"consumes":[60],"37":[61],"nW":[62],"from":[63],"0.54":[64],"V":[65],"and":[66,84,112],"used":[68],"baseband":[71],"of":[72,110,124,136,146],"wake-up":[74,94,128],"receiver":[75,138],"to":[76,102,121,139],"despread":[77],"asynchronous":[78],"code-division":[79],"multiple":[80],"access":[81],"(CDMA)":[82],"codes":[83,142],"demonstrate":[85],"code-domain":[86],"filtering":[87],"for":[88,105],"an":[89,147],"11-bit":[90],"Barker":[91],"code.":[92,149],"receiver's":[95],"sensitivity":[96],"enhanced":[98],"2":[100],"dB":[101],"-80.9":[103],"dBm":[104],"missed":[107],"detection":[108],"ratio":[109],"10-3,":[111],"its":[113],"selectivity":[114],"improved":[116],"5":[118],"dB,":[119],"thanks":[120],"use":[123],"correlator.":[126],"Simultaneous":[127],"using":[129],"CDMA":[130],"demonstrated":[132],"selective":[134],"responses":[135],"different":[140],"desired":[141],"presence":[145],"undesired":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}