{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005524117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","title":"A Coupler-Based Differential mm-Wave Doherty Power Amplifier With Impedance Inverting and Scaling Baluns","display_name":"A Coupler-Based Differential mm-Wave Doherty Power Amplifier With Impedance Inverting and Scaling Baluns","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005524117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","mag":"3005524117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101982186","display_name":"Huy Thong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huy Thong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646268","display_name":"Hua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-5505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-5505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9473247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"5","first_page":"1212","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balun","display_name":"Balun","score":0.9177536964416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6411367058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.6270854473114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.581113874912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5428199768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5258006453514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5119720697402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-coupler","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","score":0.5082527995109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.46953901648521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3266778290271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18326908349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.13088583946228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.09108024835586548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114489654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q805838","display_name":"Balun","level":3,"score":0.9177536964416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6411367058753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.6270854473114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.581113874912262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5428199768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5258006453514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5119720697402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80185135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","level":3,"score":0.5082527995109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.46953901648521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.4125324785709381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3266778290271759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18326908349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.13088583946228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.09108024835586548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.2970708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572893404","https://openalex.org/W1968422536","https://openalex.org/W1978573282","https://openalex.org/W1995672603","https://openalex.org/W2003857667","https://openalex.org/W2018401176","https://openalex.org/W2021450683","https://openalex.org/W2026781900","https://openalex.org/W2028643002","https://openalex.org/W2033910137","https://openalex.org/W2043019940","https://openalex.org/W2046762985","https://openalex.org/W2047048622","https://openalex.org/W2049089411","https://openalex.org/W2050252524","https://openalex.org/W2067689482","https://openalex.org/W2072435747","https://openalex.org/W2074197909","https://openalex.org/W2075126085","https://openalex.org/W2078935974","https://openalex.org/W2082595613","https://openalex.org/W2126449596","https://openalex.org/W2128335437","https://openalex.org/W2133268865","https://openalex.org/W2145709125","https://openalex.org/W2167140859","https://openalex.org/W2291526773","https://openalex.org/W2325846446","https://openalex.org/W2331610293","https://openalex.org/W2344959687","https://openalex.org/W2433685113","https://openalex.org/W2482187716","https://openalex.org/W2484449146","https://openalex.org/W2513547081","https://openalex.org/W2541668220","https://openalex.org/W2556405260","https://openalex.org/W2573491689","https://openalex.org/W2584918325","https://openalex.org/W2589646279","https://openalex.org/W2591882232","https://openalex.org/W2591925267","https://openalex.org/W2594339384","https://openalex.org/W2594745840","https://openalex.org/W2626403730","https://openalex.org/W2734468632","https://openalex.org/W2734696823","https://openalex.org/W2735360739","https://openalex.org/W2756971426","https://openalex.org/W2767981088","https://openalex.org/W2768939642","https://openalex.org/W2772833096","https://openalex.org/W2792143308","https://openalex.org/W2792603450","https://openalex.org/W2793334130","https://openalex.org/W2793551581","https://openalex.org/W2885675392","https://openalex.org/W2891483507","https://openalex.org/W2902777538","https://openalex.org/W2912319790","https://openalex.org/W2915944354","https://openalex.org/W2919177939","https://openalex.org/W2921128445","https://openalex.org/W2922217270","https://openalex.org/W2922322815","https://openalex.org/W2922460799","https://openalex.org/W2922491589","https://openalex.org/W2965508843","https://openalex.org/W2971935007","https://openalex.org/W2972144007","https://openalex.org/W2972547310","https://openalex.org/W4229594554","https://openalex.org/W4240558758","https://openalex.org/W6658914829","https://openalex.org/W6734266705","https://openalex.org/W6734576275","https://openalex.org/W6741601594","https://openalex.org/W6745950836","https://openalex.org/W6749609235","https://openalex.org/W6753851736","https://openalex.org/W6760386176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316672380","https://openalex.org/W2161945183","https://openalex.org/W2382532184","https://openalex.org/W1995492092","https://openalex.org/W2109953808","https://openalex.org/W2011132542","https://openalex.org/W2055176979","https://openalex.org/W2029783036","https://openalex.org/W2167835150","https://openalex.org/W2166881591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designing":[0],"Doherty":[1,16,39,196,201,249],"power":[2,59,267],"amplifiers":[3],"(PAs)":[4],"at":[5,18,77,102,265,281],"high":[6,103],"millimeter-wave":[7],"(mm-Wave)":[8],"range":[9],"remains":[10],"a":[11,61,140,159,179,195,207,239,247,277,284],"major":[12],"challenge":[13],"because":[14],"most":[15],"combiners":[17],"this":[19,26,136],"frequency":[20],"band":[21],"are":[22],"inefficient.":[23],"To":[24],"resolve":[25],"bottleneck,":[27],"we":[28,83,114,138,215,245],"analyze":[29],"balun":[30,74,87,122,167,191],"response":[31],"under":[32],"load":[33,51,203],"variation":[34],"and":[35,45,56,79,95,111,123,189,205,224,235,262,283],"subsequently":[36],"propose":[37,158],"the":[38,65,72,85,91,108,116,120,148,163,185,211,217,228,233],"PA":[40,66,225,230,250],"architecture":[41],"with":[42,178],"impedance":[43,144,165,187],"inverting":[44,145,188],"scaling":[46,166,190],"baluns":[47,128,146],"that":[48,129,168,198,251],"perform":[49],"active":[50,202,212],"modulation":[52,204,286],"on":[53,107],"differential":[54,98],"PAs":[55],"delivers":[57],"combined":[58],"to":[60,88,99,172,193,231],"single-ended":[62,100],"load.":[63],"At":[64],"output/input":[67],"stage,":[68],"instead":[69],"of":[70,119,143,151,227],"utilizing":[71],"transformer-based":[73],"commonly":[75],"used":[76],"RF":[78],"low":[80],"mm-Wave":[81,104],"frequencies,":[82],"explore":[84],"coupler-based":[86,121,164],"resonate":[89],"out":[90],"device":[92],"parasitic":[93],"capacitance":[94],"achieve":[96],"well-balanced":[97],"conversion":[101],"frequencies.":[105],"Based":[106],"coupled-line":[109],"theory":[110],"our":[112],"analysis,":[113],"derive":[115],"[Y]":[117],"matrix":[118],"originate":[124],"various":[125],"solutions":[126],"for":[127,162,221],"can":[130],"invert":[131],"or":[132],"scale":[133],"impedance.":[134],"From":[135],"derivation,":[137],"conceive":[139],"canonical":[141],"form":[142],"when":[147,289],"electrical":[149],"length":[150],"coupled":[152],"lines":[153],"equals":[154],"45\u00b0.":[155],"We":[156,182],"also":[157],"close-formed":[160],"solution":[161],"is":[169],"electrically":[170],"equivalent":[171],"an":[173],"idealistic":[174],"transformer":[175],"in":[176],"series":[177],"small":[180],"inductance.":[181],"then":[183],"combine":[184],"proposed":[186],"structures":[192],"construct":[194],"network":[197],"exhibits":[199],"desirable":[200],"occupies":[206],"single-transformer":[208],"footprint.":[209],"On":[210],"circuit":[213,220],"design,":[214],"employ":[216],"adaptive":[218],"biasing":[219],"both":[222],"driver":[223],"stages":[226],"auxiliary":[229,236],"enhance":[232],"main":[234],"cooperation.":[237],"Using":[238],"45-nm":[240],"GlobalFoundries":[241],"CMOS":[242],"SOI":[243],"process,":[244],"fabricate":[246],"proof-of-concept":[248],"demonstrates":[252],"20.1-dBm":[253],"Psat,":[254],"19.3dBm":[255],"OP1,dB,":[256],"26%":[257],"peak":[258],"power-added":[259],"efficiency":[260,287],"(PAE),":[261],"16.6%":[263],"PAE":[264,279],"7-dB":[266],"back-off":[268],"(PBO)":[269],"from":[270],"OP1dBat":[271],"60":[272],"GHz.":[273],"Our":[274],"results":[275],"indicate":[276],"substantial":[278],"enhancement":[280],"PBO":[282],"state-of-the-art":[285],"achieved":[288],"transmitting":[290],"digital":[291],"pre-distortion":[292],"(DPD)-free":[293],"64-QAM-modulated":[294],"signals.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}