{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999866391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","title":"A Three-Level Boost Converter With Full-Range Auto-Capacitor-Compensation Pulse Frequency Modulation","display_name":"A Three-Level Boost Converter With Full-Range Auto-Capacitor-Compensation Pulse Frequency Modulation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999866391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","mag":"2999866391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065789976","display_name":"Wen-Chuen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Chuen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3256-417X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053293169","display_name":"Pei Han Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-2659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153776","display_name":"Apple (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059hsda18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153776"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Han Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apple Inc., Cupertino, USA","University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-2659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apple Inc., Cupertino, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153776"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043348919","display_name":"Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Pilawa-Podgurski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-5906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065789976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8830569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"744","last_page":"755"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6947002410888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-frequency-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-frequency modulation","score":0.6570295095443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boost-converter","display_name":"Boost converter","score":0.5767349600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5493058562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5199926495552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.4503818154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4307650625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.42623063921928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.4262012541294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42558518052101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3858844041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.376444935798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3283613920211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31835684180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.2589567303657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24229419231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.230772465467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.064085453748703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6947002410888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150251571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066418","display_name":"Pulse-frequency modulation","level":5,"score":0.6570295095443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760134","display_name":"Boost converter","level":3,"score":0.5767349600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5493058562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5199926495552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.4503818154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4307650625705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.42623063921928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.4262012541294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42558518052101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3858844041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.376444935798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3283613920211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31835684180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.2589567303657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24229419231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.230772465467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.064085453748703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2959509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001442398","https://openalex.org/W2064001241","https://openalex.org/W2117163122","https://openalex.org/W2121930884","https://openalex.org/W2125063700","https://openalex.org/W2126521451","https://openalex.org/W2148191224","https://openalex.org/W2168517593","https://openalex.org/W2175864411","https://openalex.org/W2332643802","https://openalex.org/W2512146204","https://openalex.org/W2522953484","https://openalex.org/W2587848634","https://openalex.org/W2592424615","https://openalex.org/W2594195950","https://openalex.org/W2750137713","https://openalex.org/W2763471838","https://openalex.org/W2802338496","https://openalex.org/W2902845677","https://openalex.org/W2920875918","https://openalex.org/W2920941632","https://openalex.org/W2922307880","https://openalex.org/W2966441567","https://openalex.org/W2966716435","https://openalex.org/W4229976411","https://openalex.org/W6760779195","https://openalex.org/W6766739270","https://openalex.org/W6767129294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148996502","https://openalex.org/W2277250670","https://openalex.org/W2365759676","https://openalex.org/W2059559685","https://openalex.org/W1974125440","https://openalex.org/W2119928327","https://openalex.org/W3153466815","https://openalex.org/W230314053","https://openalex.org/W2161423244","https://openalex.org/W2162247041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"three-level":[1],"boost":[2,25],"converter":[3,101,117],"enables":[4],"efficient":[5],"voltage":[6,20,85,92],"step-up":[7,79,133],"power":[8,12,80],"conversion":[9,81,134],"with":[10,74,108,128],"high":[11],"density":[13],"by":[14],"reducing":[15],"the":[16,44,56,83,90],"inductance":[17],"and":[18,36,122],"blocking":[19],"requirements":[21],"in":[22,103],"a":[23,66,99,104],"conventional":[24],"converter.":[26],"An":[27],"auto-capacitor-compensation":[28],"pulse":[29],"frequency":[30],"modulation":[31],"(ACC-PFM)":[32],"controller,":[33],"combining":[34],"peak":[35,120,125,132],"valley":[37],"current-mode":[38],"controls,":[39],"is":[40,62,96],"proposed":[41],"to":[42,54,89],"resolve":[43],"issue":[45],"of":[46,86,93],"unbalanced":[47],"flying":[48],"capacitor":[49,60],"voltage,":[50],"as":[51,53],"well":[52],"regulate":[55],"output":[57,91,126],"voltage.":[58],"The":[59,78],"balance":[61],"further":[63],"strengthened":[64],"through":[65,98],"delay-equalized":[67],"level":[68],"shifter":[69],"that":[70],"generates":[71],"duty":[72],"ratios":[73],"only":[75],"sub-nanosecond":[76],"deviations.":[77],"from":[82],"input":[84],"0.3-3.0":[87],"V":[88,95],"2.4-5.0":[94],"demonstrated":[97],"prototype":[100],"implemented":[102],"65-nm":[105],"CMOS":[106],"process":[107],"0.28":[109],"mm":[110],"<sup":[111],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[112],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[113],"active":[114],"area.":[115],"This":[116],"achieves":[118],"96.8%":[119],"efficiency":[121],"an":[123,129],"83-mA":[124],"current,":[127],"8$\\times":[130],"$":[131],"ratio.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
