{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981459710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","title":"A 1.6-GS/s 12.2-mW Seven-/Eight-Way Split Time-Interleaved SAR ADC Achieving 54.2-dB SNDR With Digital Background Timing Mismatch Calibration","display_name":"A 1.6-GS/s 12.2-mW Seven-/Eight-Way Split Time-Interleaved SAR ADC Achieving 54.2-dB SNDR With Digital Background Timing Mismatch Calibration","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981459710","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","mag":"2981459710"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013329659","display_name":"Mingqiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-9603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069446694","display_name":"Jiaji Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaji Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073702117","display_name":"Sai\u2010Weng Sin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-8291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai-Weng Sin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102122138","display_name":"He-Gong Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics and Faculty of Science and Technology\u2013ECE, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013329659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94095833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"693","last_page":"705"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.9461157917976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.7715045809745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.7062082290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-rate","display_name":"Nyquist rate","score":0.6166015267372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.5482386946678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5095160603523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.507595419883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4910728931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.46860823035240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-adc","display_name":"Flash ADC","score":0.4512554407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.4188269078731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.4108063578605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.3571610450744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3558599352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33216020464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.32272982597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20530462265014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1765877902507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17649921774864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09636297821998596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.9461157917976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.7715045809745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.7062082290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65914096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6273772","display_name":"Nyquist rate","level":4,"score":0.6166015267372131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.5482386946678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5095160603523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.507595419883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4910728931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.46860823035240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164862427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744647","display_name":"Flash ADC","level":4,"score":0.4512554407119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.4188269078731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.4108063578605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.3571610450744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3558599352836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33216020464897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32272982597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20530462265014648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1765877902507782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17649921774864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09636297821998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2945298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968315717","https://openalex.org/W1979509961","https://openalex.org/W1981215785","https://openalex.org/W2009580779","https://openalex.org/W2015794844","https://openalex.org/W2049430882","https://openalex.org/W2080200659","https://openalex.org/W2101004723","https://openalex.org/W2113142084","https://openalex.org/W2137219772","https://openalex.org/W2143690596","https://openalex.org/W2151378672","https://openalex.org/W2164251692","https://openalex.org/W2178958574","https://openalex.org/W2211494338","https://openalex.org/W2525429079","https://openalex.org/W2529031619","https://openalex.org/W2564345649","https://openalex.org/W2738300304","https://openalex.org/W2792962047","https://openalex.org/W2809151566","https://openalex.org/W2810252700","https://openalex.org/W2889089870","https://openalex.org/W2964424296","https://openalex.org/W6765976240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028366910","https://openalex.org/W2340159482","https://openalex.org/W2297502789","https://openalex.org/W4206356469","https://openalex.org/W1771023983","https://openalex.org/W2904640696","https://openalex.org/W2809902876","https://openalex.org/W2147238716","https://openalex.org/W2054018984","https://openalex.org/W2108842766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21,77,82,92,99,112,119,143,151],"split":[4,26,44,85],"time-interleaved":[5],"(TI)":[6],"successive-approximation":[7],"register":[8],"(SAR)":[9],"analog-to-digital":[10],"converter":[11],"(ADC)":[12],"with":[13,28,111],"digital":[14,93],"background":[15,94],"timing-skew":[16,48,95],"mismatch":[17],"calibration.":[18],"It":[19],"divides":[20],"TI-SAR":[22],"ADC":[23,130],"into":[24],"two":[25],"parts":[27],"the":[29,42,47,63,72,126],"same":[30],"overall":[31,64],"sampling":[32],"rate":[33,115],"but":[34],"different":[35],"numbers":[36],"of":[37,62,129,147,154],"TI":[38,45],"channels.":[39],"Benefitting":[40],"from":[41],"proposed":[43],"topology,":[46],"calibration":[49,133],"convergence":[50],"speed":[51],"is":[52,69,135],"fast":[53],"without":[54],"any":[55],"extra":[56],"analog":[57],"circuits.":[58],"The":[59],"input":[60,116],"impedance":[61],"TI-ADC":[65,86],"remains":[66],"unchanged,":[67],"which":[68],"essential":[70],"for":[71],"preceding":[73],"driving":[74],"stage":[75],"in":[76,88],"high-speed":[78],"application.":[79],"We":[80],"designed":[81],"prototype":[83],"seven-/eight-way":[84],"implemented":[87],"28-nm":[89],"CMOS.":[90],"After":[91],"calibration,":[96],"it":[97],"reaches":[98],"54.2-dB":[100],"signal-to-noise-and-distortion":[101],"ratio":[102],"(SNDR)":[103],"and":[104,118,150],"67.1-dB":[105],"spurious":[106],"free":[107],"dynamic":[108],"range":[109],"(SFDR)":[110],"near":[113],"Nyquist":[114],"signal":[117],"2.5-GHz":[120],"effective":[121],"resolution":[122],"bandwidth":[123],"(ERBW).":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"power":[127],"consumption":[128],"core":[131],"(mismatch":[132],"off-chip)":[134],"12.2-mW":[136],"running":[137],"at":[138],"1.6":[139],"GS/s,":[140],"leading":[141],"to":[142],"Walden":[144],"figure-of-merit":[145],"(FOM)":[146],"18.2":[148],"fJ/conv.-step":[149],"Schreier":[152],"FOM":[153],"162.4":[155],"dB,":[156],"respectively.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
