{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946037791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","title":"An Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable DTLS Cryptographic Engine for Securing Internet-of-Things Applications","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient Reconfigurable DTLS Cryptographic Engine for Securing Internet-of-Things Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946037791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","mag":"2946037791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.04455","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037495782","display_name":"Utsav Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7949-4178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Utsav Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089370497","display_name":"Andrew Wright","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063925525","display_name":"Chiraag Juvekar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiraag Juvekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026756435","display_name":"Madeleine Waller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine Waller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060692552","display_name":"Arvind Arvind","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084128470","display_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anantha P. Chandrakasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037495782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5692,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98191233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"8","first_page":"2339","last_page":"2352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8026921153068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5889230370521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5803322792053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.566361665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshake","display_name":"Handshake","score":0.5269908308982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.5229371786117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.4876178801059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4323105216026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-layer-security","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4231411814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.41568922996520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3588356375694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3172682225704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.30661889910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16316920518875122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026921153068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5889230370521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5803322792053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.566361665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830043","display_name":"Handshake","level":3,"score":0.5269908308982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5229371786117554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.4876178801059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4323105216026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148176105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206494","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","level":3,"score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4231411814689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41568922996520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3588356375694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3172682225704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.30661889910697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16316920518875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2915203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.04455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04455","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.04455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/131206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131206","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/131206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Utsav Banerjee","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.04455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04455","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.04455","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307801","display_name":"Texas Instruments","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308258","display_name":"Qualcomm","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12343306","https://openalex.org/W220440441","https://openalex.org/W268239100","https://openalex.org/W1656678770","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1834566299","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1984097153","https://openalex.org/W1994429123","https://openalex.org/W2114972738","https://openalex.org/W2128333441","https://openalex.org/W2130630988","https://openalex.org/W2147594251","https://openalex.org/W2157986576","https://openalex.org/W2162136091","https://openalex.org/W2163354454","https://openalex.org/W2183171747","https://openalex.org/W2240694397","https://openalex.org/W2270478131","https://openalex.org/W2355550369","https://openalex.org/W2526102565","https://openalex.org/W2548640435","https://openalex.org/W2727655671","https://openalex.org/W2743834391","https://openalex.org/W2765676966","https://openalex.org/W2782662848","https://openalex.org/W2783212533","https://openalex.org/W2894806357","https://openalex.org/W2898750681","https://openalex.org/W2901950610","https://openalex.org/W2915352631","https://openalex.org/W2951836184","https://openalex.org/W2952321600","https://openalex.org/W4238750631","https://openalex.org/W4298403653","https://openalex.org/W6638888497","https://openalex.org/W6745168903","https://openalex.org/W6764634085","https://openalex.org/W6987020231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296873577","https://openalex.org/W4295681914","https://openalex.org/W2503991861","https://openalex.org/W2516734788","https://openalex.org/W1971902782","https://openalex.org/W2612638001","https://openalex.org/W2347296673","https://openalex.org/W4319159013","https://openalex.org/W2337566776","https://openalex.org/W1557407300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,8,20,60,131],"first":[4],"hardware":[5,57],"implementation":[6,58],"of":[7,22,28,59,108,130],"datagram":[9],"transport":[10],"layer":[11],"security":[12,18],"(DTLS)":[13],"protocol":[14,63],"to":[15,49,98,105],"enable":[16],"end-to-end":[17],"for":[19],"Internet":[21],"Things":[23],"(IoT).":[24],"A":[25],"key":[26],"component":[27],"this":[29],"design":[30],"is":[31,42],"a":[32],"reconfigurable":[33],"prime":[34],"field":[35],"elliptic":[36],"curve":[37],"cryptography":[38],"(ECC)":[39],"accelerator":[40],"that":[41],"238\u00d7":[43],"and":[44,51,75,83,127,137],"9\u00d7":[45],"more":[46],"energy-efficient":[47],"compared":[48],"software":[50],"state-of-the-art":[52],"hardware,":[53],"respectively.":[54,86],"Our":[55],"full":[56],"DTLS":[61,102,121],"1.3":[62],"provides":[64],"438\u00d7":[65],"improvement":[66],"in":[67,116],"energy-efficiency":[68],"over":[69],"software,":[70],"along":[71],"with":[72,92,103],"code":[73],"size":[74],"data":[76,133],"memory":[77],"usage":[78],"as":[79,81],"low":[80],"8":[82],"3":[84],"KB,":[85],"The":[87,112],"cryptographic":[88],"accelerators":[89],"are":[90],"coupled":[91],"an":[93],"on-chip":[94],"low-power":[95],"RISC-V":[96],"processor":[97],"benchmark":[99],"applications":[100],"beyond":[101],"up":[104],"two":[106],"orders":[107],"magnitude":[109],"energy":[110],"savings.":[111],"test":[113],"chip,":[114],"fabricated":[115],"65-nm":[117],"CMOS,":[118],"demonstrates":[119],"hardware-accelerated":[120],"sessions":[122],"while":[123],"consuming":[124],"44.08":[125],"\u03bcJ/handshake":[126],"0.89":[128],"nJ/byte":[129],"encrypted":[132],"at":[134],"16":[135],"MHz":[136],"0.8":[138],"V.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}