{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913880373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","title":"A 5.5-GHz Background-Calibrated Subsampling Polar Transmitter With \u221241.3-dB EVM at 1024 QAM in 28-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 5.5-GHz Background-Calibrated Subsampling Polar Transmitter With \u221241.3-dB EVM at 1024 QAM in 28-nm CMOS","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913880373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","mag":"2913880373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043361868","display_name":"Nereo Markuli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nereo Markulic","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6691-4647","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055428279","display_name":"Pratap Tumkur Renukaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-7188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratap Tumkur Renukaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-7188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013611541","display_name":"Ewout Martens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ewout Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032510752","display_name":"Barend van Liempd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barend van Liempd","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6877-8116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059069030","display_name":"Piet Wambacq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piet Wambacq","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042750271","display_name":"Jan Craninckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Craninckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83028402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"1059","last_page":"1073"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7834205627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7138564586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.6582531929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6141413450241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5362590551376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","score":0.4956616163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.49228158593177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4641289710998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.45933547616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.44695907831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.42139697074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.36995595693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3497491478919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29859840869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2966884970664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.2459324300289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17400828003883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.1464318335056305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.14341402053833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.12228325009346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0664631724357605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7834205627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7138564586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.6582531929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6141413450241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5362590551376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4956616163253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.49228158593177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4641289710998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.45933547616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.44695907831192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.42139697074890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.36995595693588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3497491478919983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29859840869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2966884970664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.2459324300289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17400828003883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1464318335056305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.14341402053833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.12228325009346008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0664631724357605}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2886324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:129166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/a-55ghz-backgroundcalibrated-subsampling-polar-transmitter-with413db-evm-at-1024-qam-in-28nm-cmos(6b41a384-4fb9-407c-93fd-e8ee2aaffaa1).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989376602","https://openalex.org/W2018951955","https://openalex.org/W2031540765","https://openalex.org/W2079974413","https://openalex.org/W2097406868","https://openalex.org/W2098176360","https://openalex.org/W2098692728","https://openalex.org/W2102203232","https://openalex.org/W2112799319","https://openalex.org/W2119021862","https://openalex.org/W2124758156","https://openalex.org/W2131053965","https://openalex.org/W2136312705","https://openalex.org/W2142610168","https://openalex.org/W2166055633","https://openalex.org/W2175077039","https://openalex.org/W2180973527","https://openalex.org/W2288286056","https://openalex.org/W2289376871","https://openalex.org/W2513588855","https://openalex.org/W2524920430","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2591749641","https://openalex.org/W2594929092","https://openalex.org/W2898786642","https://openalex.org/W6696526775","https://openalex.org/W6733847458","https://openalex.org/W6734569215","https://openalex.org/W6755458766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474043983","https://openalex.org/W2566880546","https://openalex.org/W2078513307","https://openalex.org/W2544336511","https://openalex.org/W2144737022","https://openalex.org/W2000633969","https://openalex.org/W1978186604","https://openalex.org/W2384946145","https://openalex.org/W2606353160","https://openalex.org/W2005718535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,13,24,44,116],"subsampling":[3,19,64],"polar":[4,46,65],"transmitter":[5,47,98],"(SSPTX)":[6],"in":[7,43,93],"28-nm":[8],"CMOS":[9],"that":[10],"consists":[11],"of":[12,137],"low-noise":[14],"phase":[15,73],"modulating":[16],"(PM)":[17],"digital":[18,31],"phase-locked":[20],"loop":[21,110],"(PLL)":[22],"and":[23,53,84,90,133],"harmonic":[25],"rejection":[26],"mixed":[27],"(HRM)":[28],"inverse-class-D":[29],"(D-1)":[30],"power":[32,132,135],"amplifier":[33],"(DPA)":[34],"for":[35],"amplitude":[36],"modulation":[37,78],"(AM).":[38],"The":[39,63,112],"DPA":[40,61],"is,":[41],"unlike":[42],"typical":[45],"(TX),":[48],"placed":[49],"within":[50],"the":[51,54,60,94,97,102,109],"PLL":[52],"phase-error":[55],"detection":[56],"happens":[57],"directly":[58],"at":[59,119],"output.":[62],"TX":[66],"thus":[67],"becomes":[68],"sensitive":[69],"not":[70],"only":[71],"to":[72,77,87],"errors":[74],"but":[75],"also":[76],"amplitude.":[79],"That":[80],"feature":[81],"enables":[82],"AM-AM":[83],"PM-PM":[85],"distortion":[86,105],"be":[88],"detected":[89],"cancelled":[91],"digitally":[92],"background,":[95],"while":[96],"operates":[99,114],"normally.":[100],"Moreover,":[101],"AM-PM":[103],"cross":[104],"is":[106],"filtered":[107],"by":[108],"itself.":[111],"chip":[113],"from":[115],"0.9-V":[117],"supply":[118],"5.5":[120],"GHz":[121],"with":[122,128],"2.5":[123],"MHz":[124],"BW":[125],"(1024":[126],"QAM)":[127],"average":[129],"1.1-dBm":[130],"output":[131],"total":[134],"consumption":[136],"50":[138],"mW.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}