{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897883690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","title":"All-Digital PLL for Bluetooth Low Energy Using 32.768-kHz Reference Clock and \u22640.45-V Supply","display_name":"All-Digital PLL for Bluetooth Low Energy Using 32.768-kHz Reference Clock and \u22640.45-V Supply","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897883690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","mag":"2897883690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018117808","display_name":"Chao-Chieh Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Chieh Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101878884","display_name":"Min-Shueh Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4902-1358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Shueh Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101071065","display_name":"Chia-Chun Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Chun Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102161132","display_name":"Yu\u2010Tso Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Tso Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109457101","display_name":"Chih-Hsien Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120917","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Hsien Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027017637","display_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-1129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bogdan Staszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018117808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120917"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8695,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91525011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"12","first_page":"3660","last_page":"3671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.7002005577087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.694342315196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-oscillator","display_name":"Crystal oscillator","score":0.5762460231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.5138188004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5060614943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.49297547340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.45863187313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4513036012649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.44138893485069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.41442224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40709030628204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.311686635017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29854512214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.276372492313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.258453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-frequency-oscillator","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","score":0.13864639401435852}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.7002005577087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.694342315196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172137495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877055","display_name":"Crystal oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5762460231781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.5138188004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5060614943504333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49297547340393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45863187313079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4513036012649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.44138893485069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.41442224383354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40709030628204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.311686635017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29854512214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.276372492313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.258453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120164764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705396","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","level":4,"score":0.13864639401435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2871632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544882865","https://openalex.org/W1988716603","https://openalex.org/W2020858649","https://openalex.org/W2025427953","https://openalex.org/W2028941857","https://openalex.org/W2038284388","https://openalex.org/W2098907338","https://openalex.org/W2101407119","https://openalex.org/W2110675623","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2127135220","https://openalex.org/W2163630970","https://openalex.org/W2173181693","https://openalex.org/W2289376871","https://openalex.org/W2291700046","https://openalex.org/W2407917029","https://openalex.org/W2536042287","https://openalex.org/W2559073178","https://openalex.org/W2590315573","https://openalex.org/W2592613224","https://openalex.org/W2594329240","https://openalex.org/W2743411686","https://openalex.org/W2768611056","https://openalex.org/W2789248965","https://openalex.org/W2791886326","https://openalex.org/W2810207282","https://openalex.org/W3102697607","https://openalex.org/W3142120744","https://openalex.org/W3146132655","https://openalex.org/W6647630649","https://openalex.org/W6659905895","https://openalex.org/W6696745360","https://openalex.org/W6696875394","https://openalex.org/W6733856358","https://openalex.org/W6742404954","https://openalex.org/W6748963127","https://openalex.org/W6749824168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145870900","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W2379961307","https://openalex.org/W2353586717","https://openalex.org/W2382465025","https://openalex.org/W2376421545","https://openalex.org/W2374761771","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W150743853","https://openalex.org/W2354027044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,37],"introduce":[4],"an":[5,79],"all-digital":[6],"phase-locked":[7],"loop":[8],"(ADPLL)":[9],"for":[10,19],"Bluetooth":[11,69],"low":[12],"energy":[13],"(BLE)":[14],"that":[15,49],"eliminates":[16],"the":[17,41,65,68,96,103,109],"need":[18],"a":[20,26,46,91,120],"crystal":[21],"oscillator":[22,114],"(XO)":[23],"other":[24],"than":[25],"32.768-kHz":[27,104],"real-time":[28],"clock":[29],"(RTC)":[30],"already":[31],"present":[32],"in":[33,90,129],"wireless":[34],"systems.":[35],"Specifically,":[36],"propose":[38],"to":[39,64,94,102,118],"replace":[40],"conventional":[42],"channel":[43,81],"settling":[44,48],"with":[45],"band":[47,70],"would":[50],"be":[51],"carried":[52],"out":[53],"only":[54],"once":[55],"per":[56],"global":[57],"device":[58],"power":[59],"up.":[60],"The":[61],"ADPLL":[62],"locks":[63],"center":[66],"of":[67,124],"(2440":[71],"MHz)":[72],"upon":[73],"system":[74],"power-up":[75],"and":[76,83,126,143],"jointly":[77],"performs":[78],"instantaneous":[80],"hopping":[82,125,145],"Gaussian":[84],"frequency":[85,122],"shift":[86],"keying":[87],"(GFSK)":[88],"modulation":[89],"two-point":[92],"manner":[93],"overcome":[95],"narrow":[97],"PLL":[98],"bandwidth":[99],"(BW)":[100],"due":[101],"reference.":[105],"Extensive":[106],"calibrations":[107],"linearize":[108],"effective":[110],"cubic":[111],"digitally":[112],"controlled":[113],"(DCO)":[115],"transfer":[116],"function":[117],"achieve":[119],"precise":[121],"range":[123],"modulation.":[127],"Realized":[128],"16-nm":[130],"FinFET,":[131],"it":[132],"consumes":[133],"<;1":[134],"mW":[135],"at":[136],"\u22640.45":[137],"V,":[138],"while":[139],"achieving":[140],"best-in-class":[141],"performance":[142],"<;100-ns":[144],"time.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}