{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894291793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","title":"A 23-GHz Low-Phase-Noise Digital Bang\u2013Bang PLL for Fast Triangular and Sawtooth Chirp Modulation","display_name":"A 23-GHz Low-Phase-Noise Digital Bang\u2013Bang PLL for Fast Triangular and Sawtooth Chirp Modulation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894291793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","mag":"2894291793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1066170","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046032176","display_name":"Dmytro Cherniak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7662-9022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dmytro Cherniak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033985022","display_name":"Luigi Grimaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5688-2629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Grimaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071532224","display_name":"Luca Bertulessi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-6512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Bertulessi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011833987","display_name":"Roberto Nonis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131793","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/03msng824","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350","https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Nonis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Villach, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Villach, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073514694","display_name":"Carlo Samori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Samori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085904857","display_name":"Salvatore Levantino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0895-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Levantino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046032176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4312,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95070931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"12","first_page":"3565","last_page":"3575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sawtooth-wave","display_name":"Sawtooth wave","score":0.9273392558097839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7348307371139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.724442720413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6035854816436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.4883996844291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.4728712737560272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46069997549057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4473888576030731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.44453558325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4255511462688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.42058008909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.270673543214798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24708664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22592106461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.101572185754776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148837635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1742397","display_name":"Sawtooth wave","level":2,"score":0.9273392558097839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7348307371139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.724442720413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6035854816436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4883996844291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.4728712737560272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46069997549057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4473888576030731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.44453558325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4255511462688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.42058008909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.270673543214798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24708664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22592106461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.101572185754776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2018.2869097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1066170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1066170","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1066170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1066170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1066170","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1066170","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330618","display_name":"Infineon Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894291793.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894291793.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1167654","https://openalex.org/W1666324583","https://openalex.org/W1983694642","https://openalex.org/W1997287970","https://openalex.org/W1998515001","https://openalex.org/W2043250436","https://openalex.org/W2060014791","https://openalex.org/W2117669487","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2141181202","https://openalex.org/W2156820867","https://openalex.org/W2180973527","https://openalex.org/W2288752606","https://openalex.org/W2289520113","https://openalex.org/W2471244034","https://openalex.org/W2502341198","https://openalex.org/W2528482522","https://openalex.org/W2615447930","https://openalex.org/W2625708510","https://openalex.org/W2734347083","https://openalex.org/W2766585732","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2803062350","https://openalex.org/W2890194431","https://openalex.org/W3142120744","https://openalex.org/W4240096133","https://openalex.org/W6600054815","https://openalex.org/W6680884975","https://openalex.org/W6748778192","https://openalex.org/W6754800033"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359366503","https://openalex.org/W1912065184","https://openalex.org/W2350996794","https://openalex.org/W2372909716","https://openalex.org/W2080515223","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2049525097","https://openalex.org/W2161157531","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W2376731877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,60],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,25,43,47,56,80],"23-GHz":[4],"digital":[5],"bang-bang":[6],"phase-locked":[7],"loop":[8],"(PLL)":[9],"fabricated":[10],"in":[11,87],"65-nm":[12],"CMOS":[13],"for":[14],"millimeter-wave":[15],"frequency-modulated":[16],"continuous-wave":[17],"radars.":[18],"The":[19,94],"presented":[20],"circuit":[21],"aims":[22],"to":[23,36],"generate":[24],"fast":[26,117],"sawtooth":[27],"chirp":[28],"signal":[29],"that":[30,51],"grants":[31],"significant":[32],"advantages":[33],"with":[34,119,137],"respect":[35],"the":[37,53,66,69,74,91],"more":[38],"conventional":[39],"triangular":[40],"waveform.":[41],"Such":[42],"signal,":[44],"however,":[45],"features":[46],"very":[48],"large":[49],"bandwidth":[50],"requires":[52],"adoption":[54],"of":[55,68,76,102,110,115,127],"two-point":[57],"injection":[58],"scheme.":[59],"paper,":[61],"after":[62,132],"intuitively":[63],"discussing":[64],"how":[65],"nonlinearity":[67],"digitally":[70],"controlled":[71],"oscillator":[72],"affects":[73],"accuracy":[75],"frequency":[77,135],"modulation,":[78],"presents":[79],"novel":[81],"automatic":[82],"pre-distortion":[83],"engine,":[84],"operating":[85],"fully":[86],"background,":[88],"which":[89],"linearizes":[90],"tuning":[92],"characteristic.":[93],"19.7-mA":[95],"fractional-N":[96],"PLL":[97],"having":[98],"an":[99,106,124,133],"rms":[100],"jitter":[101],"213":[103],"fs":[104],"and":[105,123],"in-band":[107],"fractional":[108],"spur":[109],"-58":[111],"dBc":[112],"is":[113],"capable":[114],"synthesizing":[116],"chirps":[118],"173-MHz/\u03bcs":[120],"maximum":[121],"slope":[122],"idle":[125],"time":[126],"less":[128],"than":[129],"200":[130],"ns":[131],"abrupt":[134],"step":[136],"no":[138],"over":[139],"or":[140],"undershoot.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}