{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2774669597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","title":"A Low-Power Convolutional Neural Network Face Recognition Processor and a CIS Integrated With Always-on Face Detector","display_name":"A Low-Power Convolutional Neural Network Face Recognition Processor and a CIS Integrated With Always-on Face Detector","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2774669597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","mag":"2774669597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067752227","display_name":"Kyeongryeol Bong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-3668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyeongryeol Bong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076373841","display_name":"Sungpill Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-6374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungpill Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017904278","display_name":"Changhyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039062148","display_name":"Donghyeon Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-2072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghyeon Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067752227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94987049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6909404397010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6685971617698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6004006862640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.537961483001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5034345984458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5001952648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.49312588572502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.45464572310447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transpose","display_name":"Transpose","score":0.42281949520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4220884144306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3259201943874359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2582341134548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.21144437789916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12953749299049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12905213236808777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6909404397010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6685971617698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6004006862640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.537961483001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5034345984458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5001952648162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.49312588572502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.45464572310447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200106649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223683","display_name":"Transpose","level":3,"score":0.42281949520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4220884144306183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3259201943874359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2582341134548187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.21144437789916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12953749299049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12905213236808777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2767705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1996901117","https://openalex.org/W2080441840","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2197399834","https://openalex.org/W2328619957","https://openalex.org/W2564566221","https://openalex.org/W2591049986","https://openalex.org/W2593882908","https://openalex.org/W2950967261","https://openalex.org/W6734891989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003786218","https://openalex.org/W2376104713","https://openalex.org/W2356636683","https://openalex.org/W4205331489","https://openalex.org/W4385493077","https://openalex.org/W1996777937","https://openalex.org/W2416676461","https://openalex.org/W2009510026","https://openalex.org/W1970190135","https://openalex.org/W2189595417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Low-power":[1],"convolutional":[2],"neural":[3],"network":[4],"(CNN)-based":[5],"face":[6,30,148],"recognition":[7],"system":[8,19],"is":[9,45,89,104],"proposed":[10,46,105],"for":[11,91],"the":[12,49,60,85,92,108,112,121,132],"user":[13],"authentication":[14],"in":[15,117,156],"smart":[16],"devices.":[17],"The":[18],"consists":[20],"of":[21,52,95,111],"two":[22],"chips:":[23],"an":[24],"always-on":[25,39],"CMOS":[26,119],"image":[27],"sensor":[28],"(CIS)-based":[29],"detector":[31],"(FD)":[32],"and":[33,67,97,131,152],"a":[34],"low-power":[35],"CNN":[36,58,61,140],"processor.":[37],"For":[38,56],"FD,":[40],"analog-digital":[41],"Hybrid":[42],"Haar-like":[43],"FD":[44,53],"to":[47,106,145],"improve":[48],"energy":[50],"efficiency":[51],"by":[54],"39%.":[55],"lowpower":[57],"processing,":[59],"processor":[62,141],"with":[63,79],"1024":[64],"MAC":[65],"units":[66],"8192-bit-wide":[68],"local":[69],"distributed":[70],"memory":[71],"operates":[72],"at":[73,149],"near":[74],"threshold":[75],"voltage,":[76],"0.46":[77],"V":[78],"5-MHz":[80],"clock":[81],"frequency.":[82],"In":[83],"addition,":[84],"separable":[86],"filter":[87],"approximation":[88],"adopted":[90],"workload":[93],"reduction":[94],"CNN,":[96],"transpose-read":[98],"SRAM":[99,102],"using":[100],"7T":[101],"cell":[103],"reduce":[107],"activity":[109],"factor":[110],"data":[113],"read":[114],"operation.":[115],"Implemented":[116],"65-nm":[118],"technology,":[120],"3.30":[122],"\u00d7":[123,134],"3.36":[124],"mm":[125,136],"<sup":[126,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[127,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[128,139],"CIS":[129],"chip":[130],"4":[133,135],"consume":[142],"0.62":[143],"mW":[144],"evaluate":[146],"one":[147],"1":[150],"fps":[151],"achieved":[153],"97%":[154],"accuracy":[155],"LFW":[157],"dataset.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
