{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2617436335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","title":"Distributed Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers","display_name":"Distributed Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2617436335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","mag":"2617436335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052687028","display_name":"Alireza Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-6484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Limited, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Limited, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003381141","display_name":"Hossein Hashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-7061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052687028"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8415083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"8","first_page":"2083","last_page":"2093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.9215716123580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.6836117506027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.6368077993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.5443934202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"Injection locking","score":0.5200673937797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.5083040595054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterojunction-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","score":0.50813889503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4774770736694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4646071791648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.37857869267463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3540242612361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.34911394119262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34175992012023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.321994423866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.26534879207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26104438304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.23883056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.16514122486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1301497220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.12887534499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12353724241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11243847012519836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.9215716123580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.6836117506027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.6368077993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.5443934202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101476363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798800","display_name":"Injection locking","level":3,"score":0.5200673937797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5083040595054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173408217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428898","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","level":5,"score":0.50813889503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4774770736694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4646071791648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.37857869267463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3540242612361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.34911394119262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34175992012023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.321994423866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.26534879207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26104438304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.23883056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.16514122486114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1301497220993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.12887534499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12353724241256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11243847012519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2701325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989331666","https://openalex.org/W1998299961","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2020761251","https://openalex.org/W2042730513","https://openalex.org/W2091151375","https://openalex.org/W2093873541","https://openalex.org/W2106687953","https://openalex.org/W2116417852","https://openalex.org/W2179253089","https://openalex.org/W6655753290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148435004","https://openalex.org/W3095898867","https://openalex.org/W1975478216","https://openalex.org/W2099990255","https://openalex.org/W3207257560","https://openalex.org/W2167684701","https://openalex.org/W2185082472","https://openalex.org/W1915959989","https://openalex.org/W2358217230","https://openalex.org/W2513253674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"injection-locked":[1,18],"frequency":[2,19,27,34,43],"division":[3,28],"is":[4,22],"introduced":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,33,61,69,83],"method":[8],"to":[9],"increase":[10],"the":[11,41,45],"locking":[12,71],"range":[13,35,72],"beyond":[14],"that":[15,25,36],"of":[16,40,44,73],"conventional":[17],"dividers.":[20],"It":[21],"analytically":[23],"shown":[24],"continuous":[26],"can":[29],"be":[30],"achieved":[31],"over":[32,38],"spans":[37],"multiples":[39],"self-oscillation":[42],"core":[46],"divider.":[47],"Design":[48],"techniques":[49],"in":[50,54,60],"millimeter-waves":[51],"are":[52],"discussed":[53],"detail.":[55],"A":[56],"proof-of-concept":[57],"prototype,":[58],"realized":[59],"foundry":[62],"130-nm":[63],"BiCMOS":[64],"SiGe":[65],"HBT":[66],"technology,":[67],"achieves":[68],"measured":[70],"35-44":[74],"and":[75],"41-59.5":[76],"GHz":[77],"while":[78],"consuming":[79],"3.8":[80],"mW":[81],"from":[82],"1.15-V":[84],"supply.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
