{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588264268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","title":"A Low-Power Digitizer for Back-Illuminated 3-D-Stacked CMOS Image Sensor Readout With Passing Window and Double Auto-Zeroing Techniques","display_name":"A Low-Power Digitizer for Back-Illuminated 3-D-Stacked CMOS Image Sensor Readout With Passing Window and Double Auto-Zeroing Techniques","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588264268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","mag":"2588264268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735687","display_name":"Qiyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-3409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049783706","display_name":"Alexander Edward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-0320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Edward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-0320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052885080","display_name":"Martin Kinyua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334877674","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvfjx92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Kinyua","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074872395","display_name":"Eric Soenen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334877674","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvfjx92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric G. Soenen","raw_affiliation_strings":["TSMC Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TSMC Technology, Inc., Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024571753","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Silva-Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7960-0177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Silva-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100735687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84153752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"6","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.8877792358398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-double-sampling","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","score":0.7143897414207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6389373540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-pattern-noise","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","score":0.5151240229606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4923590421676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.46931979060173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.46839070320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reset","display_name":"Reset (finance)","score":0.4569270610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4547441005706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.449384868144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4280795454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.392484188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3826281726360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3804565668106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3506389558315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3501703143119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24814164638519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17528441548347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12395551800727844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.8877792358398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172837","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","level":4,"score":0.7143897414207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6389373540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778368474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456322","display_name":"Fixed-pattern noise","level":3,"score":0.5151240229606628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4923590421676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.46931979060173035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.46839070320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779795794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315343","display_name":"Reset (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4569270610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4547441005706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.449384868144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4280795454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.392484188079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3826281726360321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3804565668106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3506389558315277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3501703143119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24814164638519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17528441548347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12395551800727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2661843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491622449","https://openalex.org/W1532980549","https://openalex.org/W1558641570","https://openalex.org/W1964634575","https://openalex.org/W1981612049","https://openalex.org/W1984910794","https://openalex.org/W1997084788","https://openalex.org/W2011593284","https://openalex.org/W2016997355","https://openalex.org/W2022259237","https://openalex.org/W2025965865","https://openalex.org/W2033901409","https://openalex.org/W2042134377","https://openalex.org/W2053943475","https://openalex.org/W2057578652","https://openalex.org/W2104086223","https://openalex.org/W2112386287","https://openalex.org/W2115721817","https://openalex.org/W2117230470","https://openalex.org/W2135915657","https://openalex.org/W2140548613","https://openalex.org/W2144536291","https://openalex.org/W2152003804","https://openalex.org/W2163943276","https://openalex.org/W2175009324","https://openalex.org/W2288474388","https://openalex.org/W2292469381","https://openalex.org/W2292489093","https://openalex.org/W2564921152","https://openalex.org/W6645664700","https://openalex.org/W6646539895","https://openalex.org/W6653099678","https://openalex.org/W6663899772","https://openalex.org/W6677768442","https://openalex.org/W6731132051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331709517","https://openalex.org/W1990138130","https://openalex.org/W2170745046","https://openalex.org/W2119302896","https://openalex.org/W2050092207","https://openalex.org/W1963996011","https://openalex.org/W2031597920","https://openalex.org/W2348495072","https://openalex.org/W1980889479","https://openalex.org/W2029098715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17,35,78,112,133,182],"high-performance":[4],"digitizer":[5,180],"based":[6],"on":[7],"column-parallel":[8],"single-slope":[9],"analog-to-digital":[10],"converter":[11],"(SS-ADC)":[12],"topology":[13,41],"for":[14,173],"readout":[15],"of":[16,54,152,163,185,192],"back-illuminated":[18],"3-D-stacked":[19],"CMOS":[20,145],"image":[21],"sensor.":[22],"To":[23,65],"address":[24,66],"the":[25,47,51,59,67,88,107,116,140,156,168],"high":[26,31,68],"power":[27,153,184],"consumption":[28,154],"issue":[29],"in":[30,50,132,139,155],"speed":[32],"digital":[33,52,158,174],"counters,":[34],"passing":[36],"window":[37],"(PW)-based":[38],"hybrid":[39,157],"counter":[40],"is":[42,83,91,165],"proposed.":[43,84],"In":[44,85],"this":[45,86],"approach,":[46],"memory":[48],"cells":[49],"counters":[53],"SS-ADCs":[55],"are":[56,129],"disconnected":[57],"from":[58],"global":[60],"bus":[61],"during":[62],"non-relevant":[63],"timing.":[64],"column":[69,161],"fixed":[70],"pattern":[71],"noise":[72],"(FPN)":[73],"under":[74],"bright":[75],"illumination":[76],"conditions,":[77],"double":[79,101,170,176],"auto-zeroing":[80],"(AZ)":[81],"scheme":[82,103],"technique,":[87],"AZ":[89,102,171],"process":[90],"employed":[92],"twice":[93],"at":[94],"reset":[95],"and":[96,137,188],"signal":[97],"level,":[98,118],"respectively.":[99],"The":[100,126,147],"not":[104],"only":[105],"allows":[106],"comparator":[108,124],"to":[109],"serve":[110],"as":[111],"crossing":[113],"detector":[114],"around":[115],"common-mode":[117],"but":[119],"it":[120],"also":[121],"enables":[122],"low-voltage":[123],"design.":[125],"proposed":[127,169],"techniques":[128],"experimentally":[130],"verified":[131],"prototype":[134],"chip":[135],"designed":[136],"fabricated":[138],"TSMC":[141],"40":[142],"nm":[143],"low-power":[144],"process.":[146],"PW":[148],"technique":[149,172],"saves":[150],"52.8%":[151],"counters.":[159],"Dark/bright":[160],"FPN":[162],"0.0024%/0.028%":[164],"achieved":[166],"employing":[167],"correlated":[175],"sampling.":[177],"A":[178],"single-column":[179],"consumes":[181],"total":[183],"66.8":[186],"\u03bcW":[187],"occupies":[189],"an":[190],"area":[191],"5.4":[193],"\u03bcm":[194],"\u00d7":[195],"610":[196],"\u03bcm.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}