{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2516199239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","title":"A 2 GHz 244 fs-Resolution 1.2 ps-Peak-INL Edge Interpolator-Based Digital-to-Time Converter in 28 nm CMOS","display_name":"A 2 GHz 244 fs-Resolution 1.2 ps-Peak-INL Edge Interpolator-Based Digital-to-Time Converter in 28 nm CMOS","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2516199239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","mag":"2516199239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113826627","display_name":"Sebastian Sievert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Sievert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-099X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105359404","display_name":"Ofir Degani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104622","display_name":"Intel (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/027t2s119","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80687555","display_name":"Israel Electric (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/01p8dnv11","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80687555"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ofir Degani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80687555","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071414375","display_name":"Assaf Ben-Bassat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5203-8847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104622","display_name":"Intel (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/027t2s119","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80687555","display_name":"Israel Electric (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/01p8dnv11","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80687555"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assaf Ben-Bassat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80687555","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047229528","display_name":"Rotem Banin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-7575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104622","display_name":"Intel (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/027t2s119","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80687555","display_name":"Israel Electric (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/01p8dnv11","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80687555"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rotem Banin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation Israel, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80687555","https://openalex.org/I4210104622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058466731","display_name":"Ashoke Ravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashoke Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051933054","display_name":"W. Thomann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Thomann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010748195","display_name":"B.-U. Klepser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd-Ulrich Klepser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032431231","display_name":"Zdravko Boos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zdravko Boos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Deutschland GmbH, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034576088","display_name":"D. Schmitt\u2010Landsiedel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-5139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doris Schmitt-Landsiedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["EI Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EI Department, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113826627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.942871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"12","first_page":"2992","last_page":"3004"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.6947275400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtosecond","display_name":"Femtosecond","score":0.6500701308250427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6120356917381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-nonlinearity","display_name":"Integral nonlinearity","score":0.5367772579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.52855384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47259077429771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.462945818901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4427124857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-edge","display_name":"Signal edge","score":0.4221886694431305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3772762715816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3769628405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.330863356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3023814260959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2640534043312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.2568163275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23255395889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20514783263206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10416662693023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.06843206286430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.06635585427284241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.6947275400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167735695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777507","display_name":"Femtosecond","level":3,"score":0.6500701308250427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6120356917381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130829357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665386","display_name":"Integral nonlinearity","level":4,"score":0.5367772579193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.52855384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47259077429771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.462945818901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4427124857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117525741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775654","display_name":"Signal edge","level":4,"score":0.4221886694431305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3772762715816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3769628405570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.330863356590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3023814260959625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2640534043312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.2568163275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23255395889282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20514783263206482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10416662693023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.06843206286430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.06635585427284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2016.2592620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322670","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484365403","https://openalex.org/W1571758417","https://openalex.org/W1940483669","https://openalex.org/W1953939323","https://openalex.org/W1982388664","https://openalex.org/W1989376602","https://openalex.org/W1991961966","https://openalex.org/W2036880312","https://openalex.org/W2043454922","https://openalex.org/W2057532062","https://openalex.org/W2063649127","https://openalex.org/W2072864093","https://openalex.org/W2078514893","https://openalex.org/W2081669014","https://openalex.org/W2096890578","https://openalex.org/W2102797241","https://openalex.org/W2108324407","https://openalex.org/W2116480795","https://openalex.org/W2120500930","https://openalex.org/W2131251524","https://openalex.org/W2142610168","https://openalex.org/W2157764301","https://openalex.org/W2179692430","https://openalex.org/W2195134145","https://openalex.org/W2289376871","https://openalex.org/W2291605840","https://openalex.org/W2292410567","https://openalex.org/W2513588855","https://openalex.org/W2788680135","https://openalex.org/W2907656675","https://openalex.org/W3142120744","https://openalex.org/W3152162041","https://openalex.org/W6641045975","https://openalex.org/W6697021775","https://openalex.org/W6757405961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141767635","https://openalex.org/W2237891095","https://openalex.org/W2896143804","https://openalex.org/W3193786683","https://openalex.org/W2571098816","https://openalex.org/W2027271865","https://openalex.org/W2290610940","https://openalex.org/W4285203728","https://openalex.org/W2806710531","https://openalex.org/W4377235297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,18,23,89],"2":[4],"GHz":[5],"digital-to-time":[6],"converter":[7],"(DTC)":[8],"with":[9],"244":[10],"fs":[11],"time":[12],"resolution.":[13],"The":[14,52,67,100],"DTC":[15,101],"consists":[16],"of":[17,78],"multi-modulus":[19],"divider":[20],"(MMD)":[21],"and":[22,29,62,81],"phase":[24],"interpolator":[25],"(PI)":[26],"as":[27],"coarse":[28],"fine":[30],"tuning":[31],"blocks,":[32],"respectively.":[33],"Control":[34],"logic":[35],"is":[36,59,70,94],"implemented":[37,104],"to":[38,48,85],"prevent":[39],"shoot-through":[40],"current":[41],"during":[42],"the":[43,50,65,75,79],"interpolation":[44,68],"process":[45,69],"in":[46,72,105],"order":[47],"linearize":[49],"PI.":[51,66],"measured":[53],"DTC's":[54],"peak":[55],"integral":[56],"nonlinearity":[57,80],"(INL)":[58],"1.2":[60],"ps":[61],"limited":[63],"by":[64],"analyzed":[71],"detail,":[73],"describing":[74],"root":[76],"cause":[77],"indicating":[82],"key":[83],"parameters":[84],"improve":[86],"it.":[87],"Furthermore,":[88],"measurement":[90],"method":[91],"for":[92],"DTCs":[93],"presented":[95],"that":[96],"enables":[97],"femtosecond":[98],"accuracy.":[99],"has":[102],"been":[103],"standard":[106],"28":[107],"nm":[108],"CMOS":[109],"technology.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}