{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2343769708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","title":"A 260 MHz IF Sampling Bit-Stream Processing Digital Beamformer With an Integrated Array of Continuous-Time Band-Pass Modulators","display_name":"A 260 MHz IF Sampling Bit-Stream Processing Digital Beamformer With an Integrated Array of Continuous-Time Band-Pass Modulators","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2343769708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","mag":"2343769708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935699","display_name":"Jaehun Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-4830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaehun Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102897223","display_name":"Nicholas Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005810864","display_name":"Michael P. Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101935699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9065112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"5","first_page":"1168","last_page":"1176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexer","display_name":"Multiplexer","score":0.7489039897918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.6840568780899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.60948646068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6053053736686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5890154242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5380157828330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5252187848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46860942244529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decimation","display_name":"Decimation","score":0.4408009350299835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-bit","display_name":"4-bit","score":0.4353826642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-time-delay","display_name":"True time delay","score":0.42384016513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.38761472702026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3426516652107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.2965090274810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.29397499561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.2410384714603424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19388142228126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.10360711812973022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70970002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189434","display_name":"Multiplexer","level":3,"score":0.7489039897918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.6840568780899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.60948646068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6053053736686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5890154242515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5380157828330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5252187848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46860942244529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173642442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253346","display_name":"Decimation","level":3,"score":0.4408009350299835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194986542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229932","display_name":"4-bit","level":3,"score":0.4353826642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.42384016513824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38761472702026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3426516652107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.2965090274810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29397499561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.2410384714603424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19388142228126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.10360711812973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2506645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508582569","https://openalex.org/W1703790671","https://openalex.org/W1966213888","https://openalex.org/W1980110765","https://openalex.org/W2024396782","https://openalex.org/W2058178365","https://openalex.org/W2060108923","https://openalex.org/W2072218673","https://openalex.org/W2073140918","https://openalex.org/W2096194935","https://openalex.org/W2098228558","https://openalex.org/W2102634163","https://openalex.org/W2108311877","https://openalex.org/W2111512699","https://openalex.org/W2111903885","https://openalex.org/W2114207671","https://openalex.org/W2123786525","https://openalex.org/W2143296099","https://openalex.org/W2149907548","https://openalex.org/W2158781728","https://openalex.org/W2164765575","https://openalex.org/W2165365566","https://openalex.org/W2166981698","https://openalex.org/W2169272408","https://openalex.org/W2172010302","https://openalex.org/W2179103460","https://openalex.org/W2204971828","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637218724","https://openalex.org/W6683237766","https://openalex.org/W7073904439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620757316","https://openalex.org/W2889513300","https://openalex.org/W2539245249","https://openalex.org/W2539676748","https://openalex.org/W3047844735","https://openalex.org/W2887251701","https://openalex.org/W2033358278","https://openalex.org/W2133492916","https://openalex.org/W2052823621","https://openalex.org/W3010027107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"an":[2,111,120],"ADC-digital":[3],"codesign":[4],"approach":[5,24],"to":[6,96],"IF":[7,46,147],"sampling":[8,148],"digital":[9,34,56],"beamforming":[10],"(DBF)":[11],"that":[12],"combines":[13],"continuous-time":[14],"bandpass":[15],"\u0394\u03a3":[16],"modulators":[17],"(CTBPDSMs)":[18],"and":[19,36,54,59,158],"bit-stream":[20],"processing":[21],"(BSP).":[22],"This":[23],"enables":[25],"power-and":[26],"area-efficient":[27],"DBF":[28],"by":[29,89],"removing":[30],"the":[31,67,77,136,142],"need":[32],"for":[33],"multipliers":[35],"multiple":[37],"decimators.":[38],"The":[39],"prototype":[40,78,139],"beamformer":[41,140],"digitizes":[42],"eight":[43,52,109],"260":[44],"MHz":[45,129],"signals":[47],"at":[48],"1040":[49],"MS/s":[50],"with":[51,62],"CTBPDSMs,":[53],"performs":[55],"down":[57],"conversion":[58],"phase":[60,75,85],"shifting":[61],"only":[63],"multiplexers":[64],"directly":[65],"on":[66],"undecimated":[68],"CTBPDSM":[69],"outputs.":[70],"With":[71],"two":[72,81],"sets":[73],"of":[74,100,123,146],"shifters,":[76],"simultaneously":[79],"forms":[80],"independent":[82],"beams.":[83],"Each":[84],"shifter":[86],"is":[87,116,141],"controlled":[88],"a":[90,98,127],"12":[91],"bit":[92],"programmable":[93],"complex":[94],"weight":[95],"provide":[97],"total":[99],"240":[101],"phase-shift":[102],"steps.":[103],"By":[104],"constructively":[105],"combining":[106],"inputs":[107],"from":[108],"elements,":[110],"8.9":[112],"dB":[113,125],"SNDR":[114,122],"improvement":[115],"achieved,":[117],"resulting":[118],"in":[119,132],"array":[121],"63.3":[124],"over":[126],"10":[128],"bandwidth.":[130],"Fabricated":[131],"65":[133],"nm":[134],"CMOS,":[135],"eight-element":[137],"two-beam":[138],"first":[143],"IC":[144],"implementation":[145],"DBF.":[149],"It":[150],"occupies":[151],"0.28":[152],"mm":[153],"<sup":[154],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[155],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[156],",":[157],"consumes":[159],"123.7":[160],"mW.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
