{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2219155727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","title":"A 10 ps Time-Resolution CMOS Image Sensor With Two-Tap True-CDS Lock-In Pixels for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging","display_name":"A 10 ps Time-Resolution CMOS Image Sensor With Two-Tap True-CDS Lock-In Pixels for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2219155727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","mag":"2219155727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007930789","display_name":"Min-Woong Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-Woong Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102722014","display_name":"Keiichiro Kagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-2029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiichiro Kagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032893390","display_name":"Keita Yasutomi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keita Yasutomi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110615802","display_name":"Yoshimasa Kawata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0830-8010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimasa Kawata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049537828","display_name":"Nobukazu Teranishi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobukazu Teranishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467444","display_name":"Zhuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-788X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071198969","display_name":"Izhal Abdul Halin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izhal Abdul Halin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selanger Darul Ehsan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selanger Darul Ehsan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065338590","display_name":"Shoji Kawahito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-5006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoji Kawahito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.0293,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98476718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"1","first_page":"141","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7344522476196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6526239514350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5876258611679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlated-double-sampling","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","score":0.570571780204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.5252432823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48522165417671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.4545899033546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.44887733459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.43159472942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3677278161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3618876338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3077874183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.26737475395202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2468637228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19333305954933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18007057905197144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7344522476196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6526239514350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5876258611679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118277053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172837","display_name":"Correlated double sampling","level":4,"score":0.570571780204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.5252432823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48522165417671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.4545899033546448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.44887733459472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43159472942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3677278161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3618876338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3077874183654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.26737475395202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2468637228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19333305954933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18007057905197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2496788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322351","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335153","display_name":"Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1611437588","https://openalex.org/W1975545060","https://openalex.org/W1983540228","https://openalex.org/W1984001432","https://openalex.org/W1990780119","https://openalex.org/W1997534418","https://openalex.org/W2004482449","https://openalex.org/W2007597602","https://openalex.org/W2020363440","https://openalex.org/W2057171916","https://openalex.org/W2059556568","https://openalex.org/W2069490944","https://openalex.org/W2076642115","https://openalex.org/W2108529245","https://openalex.org/W2111920179","https://openalex.org/W2145181234","https://openalex.org/W2147107780","https://openalex.org/W2218437761","https://openalex.org/W2324954446","https://openalex.org/W2578612933","https://openalex.org/W6646101062","https://openalex.org/W6902433683","https://openalex.org/W6940062735"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022123780","https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W2346456779","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W2944239605","https://openalex.org/W4255753471","https://openalex.org/W1873415836","https://openalex.org/W2334823507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"CMOS":[1,27],"lock-in":[2,33],"pixel":[3],"image":[4,28],"sensor":[5,29],"with":[6,31,77,120],"embedded":[7],"storage":[8],"diodes":[9],"and":[10,63,90,123],"lateral":[11],"electric":[12],"field":[13],"modulation":[14],"(LEFM)":[15],"of":[16,41,57,69,98,110],"photo-generated":[17],"charge":[18],"is":[19,106,114],"developed":[20],"for":[21,116],"fluorescence":[22,117],"lifetime":[23,118],"imaging.":[24],"The":[25,108],"time-resolved":[26],"(CIS)":[30],"twotap":[32],"pixels":[34],"achieves":[35],"a":[36,51,64,93],"very":[37,52,94],"high":[38,95],"time":[39,56],"resolution":[40],"10":[42],"ps":[43,59],"when":[44],"images":[45],"are":[46],"averaged":[47],"over":[48],"30":[49],"frames,":[50],"short":[53],"intrinsic":[54],"response":[55],"180":[58],"at":[60,101],"374":[61],"nm,":[62],"low":[65],"temporal":[66],"random":[67],"noise":[68],"1.75e":[70],"<sup":[71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72,75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-</sup>":[73],"<sub":[74],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">rms</sub>":[76],"true":[78],"correlated":[79],"double":[80],"sampling":[81],"(CDS)":[82],"operation.":[83],"In":[84],"addition,":[85],"by":[86],"using":[87],"the":[88,111,121],"LEFM":[89],"optimized":[91],"process,":[92],"extinction":[96],"ratio":[97],"approximately":[99],"94%":[100],"472":[102],"nm":[103],"laser":[104],"diode":[105],"achieved.":[107],"usefulness":[109],"proposed":[112],"CIS":[113],"demonstrated":[115],"imaging":[119],"simulation":[122],"measurement":[124],"results.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
