{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2177041154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","title":"A SiGe Terahertz Heterodyne Imaging Transmitter With 3.3 mW Radiated Power and Fully-Integrated Phase-Locked Loop","display_name":"A SiGe Terahertz Heterodyne Imaging Transmitter With 3.3 mW Radiated Power and Fully-Integrated Phase-Locked Loop","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2177041154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","mag":"2177041154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751337","display_name":"Ruonan Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruonan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076687651","display_name":"Chen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-8400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082399436","display_name":"Ali Mostajeran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mostajeran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063851327","display_name":"Mohammad Javad Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2640-9771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111675","display_name":"Market Matters","ror":"https://ror.org/021yan307","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I4210111675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040945735","display_name":"Hamidreza Aghasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Aghasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083397167","display_name":"Hani Sherry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Sherry","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087288705","display_name":"Andreia Cathelin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-4523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreia Cathelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016591325","display_name":"Ehsan Afshari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Afshari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100751337"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98520519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"12","first_page":"2935","last_page":"2947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.7935408353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7306246757507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","score":0.6775267124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5916702151298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5633652806282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5042320489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.4874996840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4541673958301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.32091814279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.22585654258728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20489957928657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.12473559379577637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.7935408353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7306246757507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780497637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938394","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","level":2,"score":0.6775267124176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5916702151298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5633652806282043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5042320489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.4874996840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4541673958301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32091814279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.22585654258728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20489957928657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.12473559379577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2471847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606553444","https://openalex.org/W1509989499","https://openalex.org/W1964118337","https://openalex.org/W1972432506","https://openalex.org/W1975276044","https://openalex.org/W1985964745","https://openalex.org/W1987776763","https://openalex.org/W1992122430","https://openalex.org/W1999482106","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2058989756","https://openalex.org/W2064881477","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2068617277","https://openalex.org/W2076044555","https://openalex.org/W2078540152","https://openalex.org/W2096896452","https://openalex.org/W2101917676","https://openalex.org/W2106687953","https://openalex.org/W2106694297","https://openalex.org/W2108355531","https://openalex.org/W2115402467","https://openalex.org/W2122202713","https://openalex.org/W2128361799","https://openalex.org/W2129171330","https://openalex.org/W2134736262","https://openalex.org/W2140954894","https://openalex.org/W2151579506","https://openalex.org/W2161328386","https://openalex.org/W2164620517","https://openalex.org/W2166663796","https://openalex.org/W2177041154","https://openalex.org/W3047795512","https://openalex.org/W4246105043","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W6630488098","https://openalex.org/W6674753445"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2105973023","https://openalex.org/W2109599614","https://openalex.org/W4200502137","https://openalex.org/W2123223108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"high-power":[1],"320":[2,57],"GHz":[3,58],"transmitter":[4,25,132],"using":[5],"130":[6],"nm":[7],"SiGe":[8],"BiCMOS":[9],"technology":[10],"(f":[11],"<sub":[12,16],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[13,17],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</sub>":[14],"/f":[15],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">max</sub>":[18],"=":[19],"220/280":[20],"GHz)":[21],"is":[22,91,101,124],"reported.":[23],"This":[24],"consists":[26],"of":[27,33,78,121,145],"a":[28,42,51,79,86,141],"4":[29,31],"\u00d7":[30],"array":[32],"radiators":[34,108],"based":[35],"on":[36],"coupled":[37],"harmonic":[38,66],"oscillators.":[39],"By":[40],"incorporating":[41],"signal":[43],"filter":[44],"structure":[45],"called":[46],"return-path":[47],"gap":[48],"coupler":[49],"into":[50],"differential":[52],"self-feeding":[53],"oscillator,":[54],"the":[55,62,75,95,102,112,115,122,148,155],"proposed":[56],"radiator":[59],"simultaneously":[60],"maximizes":[61],"fundamental":[63],"oscillation":[64],"power,":[65,137],"generation,":[67],"as":[68,70],"well":[69],"on-chip":[71,98],"radiation.":[72],"To":[73,147],"facilitate":[74],"TX-RX":[76],"synchronization":[77],"future":[80],"terahertz":[81],"(THz)":[82],"heterodyne":[83],"imaging":[84],"chipset,":[85],"fully-integrated":[87],"phase-locked":[88],"loop":[89],"(PLL)":[90],"also":[92],"implemented":[93],"in":[94,109,163],"transmitter.":[96],"Such":[97],"phase-locking":[99],"capability":[100],"first":[103],"demonstration":[104],"for":[105],"all":[106],"THz":[107,165],"silicon.":[110],"In":[111],"far-field":[113],"measurement,":[114],"total":[116],"radiated":[117,157],"power":[118,158],"and":[119,127,159],"EIRP":[120],"chip":[123],"3.3":[125],"mW":[126,135],"22.5":[128],"dBm,":[129],"respectively.":[130],"The":[131],"consumes":[133],"610":[134],"DC":[136],"which":[138],"leads":[139],"to":[140],"DC-to-THz":[142,160],"radiation":[143,161],"efficiency":[144,162],"0.54%.":[146],"authors'":[149],"best":[150],"knowledge,":[151],"this":[152],"work":[153],"presents":[154],"highest":[156],"silicon-based":[164],"radiating":[166],"sources.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}