{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046653085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","title":"A Low-Power Wideband Transmitter Front-End Chip for 80 GHz FMCW Radar Systems With Integrated 23 GHz Downconverter VCO","display_name":"A Low-Power Wideband Transmitter Front-End Chip for 80 GHz FMCW Radar Systems With Integrated 23 GHz Downconverter VCO","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046653085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","mag":"2046653085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029938305","display_name":"Nils Pohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-638X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nils Pohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069708299","display_name":"Tobias Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5593-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150649","display_name":"Institute for Mobile and Satellite Communication Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbrv698","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150649"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMST GmbH, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMST GmbH, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060917100","display_name":"Klaus Aufinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137594350","display_name":"Infineon Technologies (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Aufinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg, Germany","Infineon Technol. AG, Neubiberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technologies AG, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infineon Technol. AG, Neubiberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137594350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111736453","display_name":"H.-M. Rein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-Martin Rein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029938305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92217369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"9","first_page":"1974","last_page":"1980"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8410084247589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7711819410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6959417462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5675478577613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.546866238117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5023653507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.4790531396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4379113018512726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.4128724932670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4014570415019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2343849241733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2222501039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.14779186248779297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8410084247589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7711819410324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6959417462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5675478577613831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.546866238117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5023653507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.4790531396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4379113018512726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.4128724932670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4014570415019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2343849241733551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2222501039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.14779186248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2012.2201272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330618","display_name":"Infineon Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/005kw6t15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988006987","https://openalex.org/W1999587506","https://openalex.org/W2005104267","https://openalex.org/W2016109922","https://openalex.org/W2029780701","https://openalex.org/W2034290464","https://openalex.org/W2041805434","https://openalex.org/W2054570723","https://openalex.org/W2076363266","https://openalex.org/W2084292313","https://openalex.org/W2096061118","https://openalex.org/W2098009586","https://openalex.org/W2106564897","https://openalex.org/W2114534707","https://openalex.org/W2118946652","https://openalex.org/W2119244283","https://openalex.org/W2150596293","https://openalex.org/W2157715295","https://openalex.org/W2157901724","https://openalex.org/W2172137656","https://openalex.org/W2180930247","https://openalex.org/W2890792837","https://openalex.org/W6683492483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2134439706","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W4236967454","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W2112742062","https://openalex.org/W2017334866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"low-power":[1],"FMCW":[2],"80":[3,42,109,159],"GHz":[4,36,43,54,110,142,145,160],"radar":[5],"transmitter":[6],"front-end":[7],"chip":[8,84],"is":[9,76,105],"presented,":[10],"which":[11,104],"was":[12,85],"fabricated":[13],"in":[14],"a":[15,45,52,59,69,72,162],"SiGe":[16],"bipolar":[17],"production":[18],"technology":[19],"(":[20],"<i":[21,29,147],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[22,25,30,33,148],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">f</i>":[23,31,149],"<sub":[24,32],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">T</sub>":[26],"=180":[27],"GHz,":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">max</sub>":[34],"=250":[35],").":[37],"Additionally":[38],"to":[39,49,113,143],"the":[40,108,114,135,155],"fundamental":[41],"VCO,":[44],"4:1-frequency":[46],"divider":[47,75],"(up":[48],"100":[50,97],"GHz),":[51],"23":[53],"local":[55],"oscillator":[56],"(VCO)":[57],"with":[58,79],"low":[60,88,124,163],"phase":[61,125,164],"noise":[62,126,165],"of":[63,154,166],"-112":[64],"dBc/Hz":[65,129,168],"(1":[66],"MHz":[67,132],"offset),":[68],"PLL-mixer":[70],"and":[71,123],"static":[73],"frequency":[74],"integrated":[77],"together":[78],"several":[80],"output":[81,118],"buffers.":[82],"This":[83],"designed":[86],"for":[87,116],"power":[89,119],"consumption":[90],"(in":[91],"total":[92,136],"<;":[93],"0.5":[94],"W,":[95],"i.e.,":[96],"mA":[98],"at":[99,130,158,169],"5":[100],"V":[101],"supply":[102],"voltage),":[103],"dominated":[106],"by":[107],"VCO":[111],"due":[112],"demands":[115],"high":[117],"(\u2248":[120],"12":[121],"dBm)":[122],"(minimum":[127],"-97":[128],"1":[131],"offset)":[133],"within":[134],"wide":[137],"tuning":[138],"range":[139],"from":[140],"68":[141],"92.5":[144],"(\u0394":[146],"=":[150],"24.5":[151],"GHz).":[152],"Measurements":[153],"double-PLL":[156],"system":[157],"showed":[161],"-88":[167],"10":[170],"kHz":[171],"offset":[172],"frequency.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}