{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114078207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","title":"A 1 W 104 dB SNR Filter-Less Fully-Digital Open-Loop Class D Audio Amplifier With EMI Reduction","display_name":"A 1 W 104 dB SNR Filter-Less Fully-Digital Open-Loop Class D Audio Amplifier With EMI Reduction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114078207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","mag":"2114078207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081804149","display_name":"Federico Guanziroli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126170","display_name":"Ericsson (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/027n3xb46","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Guanziroli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058401012","display_name":"Rossella Bassoli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126170","display_name":"Ericsson (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/027n3xb46","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rossella Bassoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026915353","display_name":"C. Crippa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126170","display_name":"Ericsson (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/027n3xb46","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Crippa","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015050788","display_name":"Daniele Devecchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126170","display_name":"Ericsson (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/027n3xb46","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Devecchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036222202","display_name":"Germano Nicollini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126170","display_name":"Ericsson (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/027n3xb46","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]}],"countries":["IT","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Germano Nicollini","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST-Ericsson, Monza Brianza, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9226076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"3","first_page":"686","last_page":"698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.6454154253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.6188461184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6028842926025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.5578979849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5086523294448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.508211612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5046805143356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-gain-amplifier","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","score":0.468520849943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46302834153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.45449912548065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-power-amplifier","display_name":"Audio power amplifier","score":0.42223405838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-to-analog-converter","display_name":"Digital-to-analog converter","score":0.41055387258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.35753050446510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.31335821747779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2720358967781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.22701901197433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1394934356212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.09265196323394775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.6454154253005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6188461184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6028842926025391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.5578979849815369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5086523294448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.508211612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5046805143356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91541141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894933","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","level":5,"score":0.468520849943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46302834153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.45449912548065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131289371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27094","display_name":"Audio power amplifier","level":4,"score":0.42223405838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779879419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210863","display_name":"Digital-to-analog converter","level":3,"score":0.41055387258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35753050446510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31335821747779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2720358967781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.22701901197433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1394934356212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.09265196323394775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2178930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495955379","https://openalex.org/W1498264701","https://openalex.org/W1501254002","https://openalex.org/W1519088589","https://openalex.org/W1531715242","https://openalex.org/W1598090366","https://openalex.org/W1965142699","https://openalex.org/W1983285606","https://openalex.org/W2044596837","https://openalex.org/W2068499726","https://openalex.org/W2099944833","https://openalex.org/W2100427892","https://openalex.org/W2108527821","https://openalex.org/W2109256542","https://openalex.org/W2146422534","https://openalex.org/W2171365970","https://openalex.org/W2567963704","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629744246","https://openalex.org/W6631714932","https://openalex.org/W6635715321","https://openalex.org/W6667771501","https://openalex.org/W6686591818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4289774618","https://openalex.org/W2338373987","https://openalex.org/W2498972296","https://openalex.org/W2105138012","https://openalex.org/W1518479322","https://openalex.org/W2019233701","https://openalex.org/W1502637112","https://openalex.org/W2151826803","https://openalex.org/W3015228762","https://openalex.org/W1990846607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,30,44,49,59,65,77,102,132,200],"design":[4],"and":[5,13,53,136,162,181],"implementation":[6,36,67],"of":[7,76,156,178],"a":[8,20,85,91,117,125,142,214],"high-performance":[9],"fully-digital":[10],"PWM":[11],"DAC":[12],"switching":[14,134],"output":[15,133,154,194],"stage":[16,135],"which":[17],"can":[18],"drive":[19],"speaker":[21],"in":[22],"portable":[23],"devices,":[24],"including":[25],"cellular":[26],"phones.":[27],"Thanks":[28],"to":[29,48,63,84,116],"quaternary":[31],"pulse-width":[32],"modulation":[33,51],"scheme,":[34],"filter-less":[35],"are":[37,106,139],"possible.":[38],"A":[39],"pre-modulation":[40],"DSP":[41],"algorithm":[42],"eliminates":[43],"harmonic":[45,189],"distortion":[46,190],"inherent":[47],"employed":[50],"process,":[52],"an":[54,169],"oversampling":[55],"noise":[56],"shaper":[57],"reduces":[58],"modulator":[60],"clock":[61,86],"speed":[62],"facilitate":[64],"hardware":[66],"while":[68,131,199],"keeping":[69],"high-fidelity":[70],"quality.":[71],"Radiated":[72],"electromagnetic":[73],"field":[74],"emission":[75],"class":[78],"D":[79],"amplifier":[80,104],"is":[81,196,203,210],"reduced":[82],"thanks":[83],"spreading":[87],"technique":[88],"with":[89,124,173,223],"only":[90],"minor":[92],"impact":[93],"on":[94,101],"audio":[95,103],"performance":[96,105],"characteristics.":[97],"Clock":[98],"jitter":[99,113],"effects":[100],"presented,":[107],"showing":[108],"very":[109],"low":[110],"degradation":[111],"for":[112],"value":[114],"up":[115],"few":[118],"nanoseconds.":[119],"The":[120,187,207],"digital":[121,220],"section":[122,176],"works":[123],"1.2":[126],"V":[127,149,161,167],"power":[128,155],"supply":[129],"voltage,":[130],"its":[137],"driver":[138],"supplied":[140],"from":[141],"high-efficiency":[143],"DC-DC":[144],"converter":[145],"either":[146],"at":[147,159,165,192],"3.6":[148,160],"or":[150],"5":[151,166],"V.":[152],"An":[153],"0.5":[157],"W":[158,164],"1":[163],"over":[168],"8":[170],"\u03a9":[171],"load":[172],"efficiency":[174],"(digital":[175],"included)":[177],"about":[179,197,211],"79%":[180],"81%,":[182],"respectively,":[183],"has":[184],"been":[185],"achieved.":[186],"total":[188],"(THD)":[191],"maximum":[193],"level":[195],"0.2%,":[198],"dynamic":[201],"range":[202],"104":[204],"dB":[205],"A-weighted.":[206],"active":[208],"area":[209],"0.94":[212],"mm2in":[213],"0.13":[215],"\u03bcm":[216,227],"single-poly,":[217],"five-metal,":[218],"N-well":[219],"CMOS":[221],"technology":[222],"double-oxide":[224],"option":[225],"(0.5":[226],"minimum":[228],"length).":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}