{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997707771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","title":"A 0.018% THD+N, 88-dB PSRR PWM Class-D Amplifier for Direct Battery Hookup","display_name":"A 0.018% THD+N, 88-dB PSRR PWM Class-D Amplifier for Direct Battery Hookup","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997707771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","mag":"1997707771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102500960","display_name":"Youngkil Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngkil Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020035425","display_name":"Wonho Tak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonho Tak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033226607","display_name":"Younghyun Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younghyun Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010398207","display_name":"Jeongjin Roh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-8183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongjin Roh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Hanyang Univ., Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107857879","display_name":"Sunwoo Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111902","display_name":"Dongbu HiTek (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/018z3cr21","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunwoo Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongbu Hitek Company Limited, Seoul, South Korea","Dongbu Hitek, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbu Hitek Company Limited, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbu Hitek, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017560023","display_name":"Jinseok Koh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111902","display_name":"Dongbu HiTek (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/018z3cr21","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinseok Koh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongbu Hitek Company Limited, Seoul, South Korea","Dongbu Hitek, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbu Hitek Company Limited, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbu Hitek, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92613743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"454","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.8899093866348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.6576425433158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6393071413040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.6267175674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade-amplifier","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","score":0.5751010179519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-added-efficiency","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","score":0.5568853616714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4628744423389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-amplifier","display_name":"Linear amplifier","score":0.4430184066295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-transconductance-amplifier","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","score":0.4310319125652313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.42207467555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3926672339439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.3714563250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36731594800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.32230037450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.2511189877986908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.8899093866348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.6576425433158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6393071413040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.6267175674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49922035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935100","display_name":"Cascade amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5751010179519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129231560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236462","display_name":"Power-added efficiency","level":5,"score":0.5568853616714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4628744423389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71041172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553412","display_name":"Linear amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4430184066295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58117264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239595","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.4310319125652313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.42207467555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3926672339439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.3714563250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36731594800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32230037450790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2511189877986908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2170770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hanyang.ac.kr:20.500.11754/95356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6070984/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401328","display_name":"The Royal Society of Chemistry\u2019s Journals, Books and Databases (The Royal Society of Chemistry)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2751430930","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2751430930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605564925","https://openalex.org/W1581600025","https://openalex.org/W1600992517","https://openalex.org/W1965142699","https://openalex.org/W1995424579","https://openalex.org/W2044596837","https://openalex.org/W2057321991","https://openalex.org/W2098268218","https://openalex.org/W2098653732","https://openalex.org/W2099944833","https://openalex.org/W2106779692","https://openalex.org/W2120071952","https://openalex.org/W2125105329","https://openalex.org/W2125257084","https://openalex.org/W2141009662","https://openalex.org/W2141058498","https://openalex.org/W2147143227","https://openalex.org/W2147933183","https://openalex.org/W2154621839","https://openalex.org/W2162380271","https://openalex.org/W2166948256","https://openalex.org/W2171365970","https://openalex.org/W4299973078","https://openalex.org/W6681280631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114326950","https://openalex.org/W2081104977","https://openalex.org/W2347978285","https://openalex.org/W2096557275","https://openalex.org/W2610328416","https://openalex.org/W2155547730","https://openalex.org/W2109022474","https://openalex.org/W4312142654","https://openalex.org/W2560555503","https://openalex.org/W2123152360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,25,105],"low-distortion":[1],"third-order":[2,79],"class-D":[3,26,103,179],"amplifier":[4,27,64,130,180],"that":[5,108],"is":[6,115,175,181],"fully":[7],"integrated":[8],"into":[9,145,171],"a":[10,22,34,49,66,78,132,150,167,185,203,214],"0.18-\u03bc":[11],"m":[12],"CMOS":[13],"process":[14],"was":[15],"designed":[16,182],"for":[17,28,44,52,72,192],"direct":[18,29,194],"battery":[19,30,199],"hookup":[20,31],"in":[21,42,121],"mobile":[23,53,197],"application.":[24],"must":[32],"have":[33,184],"sufficiently":[35],"high":[36,67],"power":[37,61,74,133,141,157],"supply":[38,75,152,169],"rejection":[39],"ratio":[40],"(PSRR)":[41],"preparation":[43],"noise,":[45],"such":[46],"as":[47],"when":[48],"global":[50],"system":[51,60,127],"communications":[54],"(GSM)":[55],"bursts":[56],"ripples":[57],"through":[58],"the":[59,90,99,111,193],"line.":[62],"This":[63,129,178],"has":[65,202],"PSRR":[68],"of":[69,93,123,135,142,189,196,206,216],"88":[70],"dB":[71],"217-Hz":[73],"ripples,":[76],"using":[77],"loop":[80],"filter.":[81],"System":[82],"performance":[83],"and":[84,126,212],"stability":[85],"are":[86],"improved":[87],"by":[88],"applying":[89],"design":[91],"technique":[92],"input-feedforward":[94],"delta-sigma":[95],"(\u0394\u03a3)":[96],"modulators":[97],"to":[98,183],"pulse-width":[100],"modulation":[101],"(PWM)":[102],"amplifier.":[104],"filterless":[106],"method":[107],"can":[109],"remove":[110],"external":[112],"LC":[113],"filter":[114],"employed,":[116],"which":[117],"offers":[118],"great":[119],"advantages":[120],"terms":[122],"PCB":[124],"space":[125],"cost.":[128],"achieves":[131,213],"efficiency":[134],"85.5%":[136],"while":[137],"delivering":[138],"an":[139,146,172],"output":[140,156],"750":[143],"mW":[144],"8-\u03a9":[147,173],"load":[148,174],"from":[149,166],"3.7-V":[151],"voltage.":[153],"Maximum":[154],"achieved":[155],"at":[158],"1%":[159],"total":[160,204],"harmonic":[161],"distortion":[162],"plus":[163],"noise":[164],"(THD+N)":[165],"4.9-V":[168],"voltage":[170],"1.15":[176],"W.":[177],"broad":[186],"operational":[187],"range":[188],"2.7-4.9":[190],"V":[191],"use":[195],"phone":[198],"power.":[200],"It":[201],"area":[205],"1.01":[207],"mm":[208],"<sup":[209],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[210],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[211],"THD+N":[215],"0.018%.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}