{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152766344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","title":"Transmitter Linearization by Beamforming","display_name":"Transmitter Linearization by Beamforming","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152766344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","mag":"2152766344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081895075","display_name":"ChuanKang Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ChuanKang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","MediaTek USA, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MediaTek USA, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049567991","display_name":"Behzad Razavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90445903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"9","first_page":"1956","last_page":"1969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.821445107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7222585082054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.7066261172294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearization","display_name":"Linearization","score":0.6574000716209412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6387395858764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6297848224639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6203114986419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5617121458053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5578803420066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predistortion","display_name":"Predistortion","score":0.5272882580757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3788948655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3292739689350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2378038465976715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.1374894678592682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.821445107460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7222585082054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.7066261172294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11210021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520713","display_name":"Linearization","level":3,"score":0.6574000716209412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6387395858764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6297848224639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6203114986419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5617121458053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5578803420066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778587875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239686","display_name":"Predistortion","level":4,"score":0.5272882580757141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3788948655128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3292739689350128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2378038465976715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.1374894678592682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2148530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.722.6098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.722.6098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.seas.ucla.edu/brweb/papers/Journals/L%26RSep11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531034322","https://openalex.org/W1980110765","https://openalex.org/W1999195298","https://openalex.org/W2007382208","https://openalex.org/W2014304422","https://openalex.org/W2029538227","https://openalex.org/W2051679101","https://openalex.org/W2074774443","https://openalex.org/W2082061115","https://openalex.org/W2084174301","https://openalex.org/W2084424389","https://openalex.org/W2096554957","https://openalex.org/W2109324008","https://openalex.org/W2123169932","https://openalex.org/W2125935742","https://openalex.org/W2138669551","https://openalex.org/W2141608375","https://openalex.org/W2144737266","https://openalex.org/W2151807636","https://openalex.org/W2158712681","https://openalex.org/W2159842051","https://openalex.org/W2160709449","https://openalex.org/W2169249318","https://openalex.org/W6652090835","https://openalex.org/W6654277983","https://openalex.org/W6658162460","https://openalex.org/W6663455023","https://openalex.org/W6667558062","https://openalex.org/W6669256127","https://openalex.org/W6683097165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254261921","https://openalex.org/W2392180416","https://openalex.org/W2358845558","https://openalex.org/W2374022383","https://openalex.org/W3037575367","https://openalex.org/W4254912386","https://openalex.org/W3114089359","https://openalex.org/W2121713837","https://openalex.org/W2358387815","https://openalex.org/W36638480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"transmitters":[1],"designed":[2,63],"for":[3,64],"dense":[4],"signal":[5],"constellations":[6],"must":[7],"deal":[8],"with":[9,75],"severe":[10],"linearity-efficiency":[11],"trade-offs.":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"proposes":[15],"a":[16,46,69],"method":[17],"of":[18,27,34,52,72],"blending":[19],"beamforming":[20],"and":[21,30,62],"linearization":[22],"that":[23],"reduces":[24],"the":[25,32,50,65],"number":[26],"power":[28],"amplifiers":[29],"avoids":[31],"loss":[33],"on-chip":[35],"transformers.":[36],"Two":[37],"constant-envelope":[38],"beams":[39],"are":[40],"combined":[41],"in":[42,58],"space":[43],"to":[44],"deliver":[45],"variable-envelope":[47],"signal,":[48],"relaxing":[49],"linearity":[51],"transmitters.":[53],"A":[54],"dual-transmitter":[55],"prototype":[56],"fabricated":[57],"65-nm":[59],"CMOS":[60],"technology":[61],"60-GHz":[66],"band":[67],"produces":[68],"16QAM":[70],"output":[71],"+9.7":[73],"dBm":[74],"11%":[76],"efficiency.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}