{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074038502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","title":"A 250 mV, 352 $\\mu$W GPS Receiver RF Front-End in 130 nm CMOS","display_name":"A 250 mV, 352 $\\mu$W GPS Receiver RF Front-End in 130 nm CMOS","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074038502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","mag":"2074038502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058109473","display_name":"Adam C. Heiberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154085","display_name":"AZ Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05y6gdf04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam C Heiberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azuray Technologies, Tualatin, OR, USA","Azuray Technol., Tualatin, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azuray Technologies, Tualatin, OR, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azuray Technol., Tualatin, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154085"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102808031","display_name":"Thomas W. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-0132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015514585","display_name":"T.S. Fiez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-2472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terri S Fiez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087380835","display_name":"Kartikeya Mayaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-7589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131249849","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kartikeya Mayaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng., & Comput. Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131249849"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96822344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"938","last_page":"949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7780404090881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7599067687988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7131462693214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6910074353218079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rf-front-end","display_name":"RF front end","score":0.6603995561599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.544161319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.45153623819351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.4383803606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4091991186141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.37707284092903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3659287691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27224084734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.18928083777427673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7780404090881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7599067687988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7131462693214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6910074353218079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53071545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7276615","display_name":"RF front end","level":3,"score":0.6603995561599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.544161319732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45153623819351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.4383803606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4091991186141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37707284092903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3659287691116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27224084734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.18928083777427673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2109470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311401","display_name":"Oregon State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysfqy60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51974718","https://openalex.org/W1514298398","https://openalex.org/W1569638374","https://openalex.org/W1575133384","https://openalex.org/W1656711930","https://openalex.org/W1965087089","https://openalex.org/W1980235949","https://openalex.org/W2002981745","https://openalex.org/W2010272982","https://openalex.org/W2041777739","https://openalex.org/W2067999683","https://openalex.org/W2098876187","https://openalex.org/W2099801150","https://openalex.org/W2101222297","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2115875000","https://openalex.org/W2117413393","https://openalex.org/W2122193289","https://openalex.org/W2124259293","https://openalex.org/W2124815679","https://openalex.org/W2129365007","https://openalex.org/W2131182957","https://openalex.org/W2135143797","https://openalex.org/W2139735037","https://openalex.org/W2144546776","https://openalex.org/W2147121405","https://openalex.org/W2148601149","https://openalex.org/W2151180245","https://openalex.org/W2156679167","https://openalex.org/W3021340067","https://openalex.org/W4252762980","https://openalex.org/W4298334616","https://openalex.org/W6652923145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W4236967454","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W2112742062","https://openalex.org/W2017334866","https://openalex.org/W2589125258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fully":[1],"integrated":[2,52],"CMOS":[3,91],"GPS":[4,74],"receiver":[5,53,75],"RF":[6,54,76],"front-end":[7,55],"is":[8,45],"presented.":[9],"Systematic":[10],"circuit":[11],"optimizations":[12],"for":[13,50],"ultra-low":[14],"voltage":[15,30],"operation":[16],"including":[17],"subthreshold":[18],"biasing,":[19],"a":[20,36,64,87,95,99,112,118,134,140],"novel":[21],"mixer-VCO":[22],"interface,":[23],"and":[24,93,104,124],"charge":[25],"neutralization":[26],"enable":[27],"the":[28,46,71,80],"supply":[29,44],"to":[31,38,56,70],"be":[32],"dramatically":[33],"reduced":[34],"as":[35],"means":[37],"save":[39],"power.":[40],"The":[41,82,109],"250":[42],"mV":[43],"lowest":[47,73],"ever":[48],"reported":[49,78],"any":[51],"date.":[57],"Its":[58],"352":[59],"\u03bcW":[60],"power":[61,67],"consumption":[62],"represents":[63],"three":[65],"times":[66],"savings":[68],"compared":[69],"prior":[72],"front-ends":[77],"in":[79,86,139],"literature.":[81],"prototype":[83],"was":[84],"fabricated":[85],"1P8M":[88],"130":[89],"nm":[90],"process":[92],"includes":[94],"variable":[96],"gain":[97,114],"LNA,":[98],"quadrature":[100,102],"VCO,":[101],"mixers,":[103],"all":[105],"required":[106],"bias":[107],"circuitry.":[108],"system":[110],"has":[111],"measured":[113],"of":[115,121,129,143],"42":[116],"dB,":[117,123],"noise":[119,128],"figure":[120],"7.2":[122],"an":[125],"oscillator":[126],"phase":[127],"-":[130],"112.4":[131],"dBc/Hz":[132],"at":[133],"1":[135],"MHz":[136],"offset,":[137],"resulting":[138],"VCO":[141],"FoM":[142],"187.4":[144],"dBc/Hz.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}